Title: SAP R/3 BASIS Training
1SAP R/3 BASIS Training
2- SAP stands for Systems Applications Products
in data - processing
- Sap has two main products in the business
software market - Mainframe System R/2 Client server
system R/3 . - R stands for REAL TIME
- History of SAP Software
-
- 1972 SAP R/1
- Innovation Standard Software and Real
Time Computing - 1983 SAP R/2
- Innovation Integration of Applications
(Mainframe-based) -
- 1989 SAP R/3
- Innovation Relational Database,
Client-/Server-Architecture, - Platform
Independence -
3SAP Layers
- Three tier client server architecture of the R/3
system separated into three system layers . - DATABASE Layer (handles database services)
- APPLICATION Layer (process business logic all
other services) - PRESENTATION Layer (SAP Graphical User Interface
? SAPGUI)
Presentation
Application
Database
Central System
Distributed System
2-Tier System
3-Tier System
4- Homogeneous SAP Systems
- Where Database server Application server
are running on the same - O.S. Like Win NT Unix , presentation are
running on windows - workstation.
-
- Heterogeneous SAP Systems
- Database server running on one O.S. (Unix)
Application server - running on different O.S (Win NT) ,
presentation server running on - Windows-based workstations.
-
5SAP R/3 Architecture
R/3 User
R/3 User
Presentation Components
ABAP Workbench
R/3 Basis System
R/3 Application 1
R/3 Application n
Kernel Basis Services
Database Management System
Database
6 SAP R/3 Communication Protocol
Communication among the three tiers server is
accomplished with the use of standard protocol
services,such as one provided by TCP/IP or CPIC
. TCP/IP ? Transmission Control Protocol
/Internet Protocol At the OS level TCP/IP
protocol used , Mainly to communicate with
database, application presentation layer CPIC
? Common Programming Interface Communication AT
the programming level ,R/3 system uses the CPIC
protocol for program to program communication and
also includes support for Remote Function Calls
(RFC).
7 Installation of SAP R/3
INSTALL DATABASE SOFTWARE ON DATABASE SERVER
1.
INSTALL SAP SOFTWARE ON APPLICATION SERVER
2.
UPLOAD DATA TO SAP SYSTEM (Main database creation)
3.
SUPPORT PACKAGE (PATCH) LOADING
4.
POST INSTALLATION Steps
5.
READY FOR USING
6.
8SAP R/3 Supported Platforms(1)
The key of SAP R/3 success was the strategy of
making open solutions , in which the applications
can run on multiple operating systems , databases
,and communication technologies. OPERATING
SYSTEM LEVEL AIX
COMPAQ TRU64
DG-UX
DYNIX/PTX HP-UX
NCR UNIX
SNI DC/OSX WINDOWS
SERVER 32-BIT RELIANT
SOLARIS/SPARC
LINUX/INTEL
OS/400 DATABASE LEVEL
ORACLE SQL SERVER
DB2 ADABAS
INFORMIX
9SAP R/3 Supported Platforms(2)
Oracle Informix DB2 SQL SERVER Adabase D
HP-UX X X X
AIX X X X X
Reliant/UNIX X X X
Digital unix X X X
Solaris X X X
NT 4.0 Intel X X X X X
NT 4.0 Alpha X X X
OS/390 X
OS/400 X
10SAP R/3 Supported Platforms(3)
SAP R/3 3.1H ORACLE 7.3.3
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 7.3.4
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.0.4
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.0.5
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL
ORACLE 8.0.6 WIN NT 4.0
INTEL SQL 7.0 WIN
NT 4.0 INTEL SAP R/3 4.6B ORACLE 8.0.6
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.6
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.7
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.6
WIN 2000 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.7
WIN 2000 INTEL SQL 8 /
2000 WIN 2000 INTEL
SAP R/3 4.6C ORACLE 8.0.6
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.6
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.7
WIN NT 4.0 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.6
WIN 2000 INTEL ORACLE 8.1.7
WIN 2000 INTEL SQL 8 / 2000
WIN 2000 INTEL
11SAP support period
Please Upgrade SAP before the mention date
12SAP R/3 CORE BUSINESS MODULES
- SAP R/3 applications usually categorized in three
core functional areas - Financial
- Logistics
- Human Resource
13Application Modules
- Financials Financial Accounting (FI)
Controlling (CO) Asset Management (AM)
Enterprise Controlling (EC) - Capital Investment Management (IM)
- Treasury (TR)
- Logistics Plant Maintenance (PM) Quality
Management (QM) Production Planning (PP)
Materials Management (MM) Sales and
Distribution (SD) - Project System (PS)
- Human Resources (HR)
- Personal Administration
- Personal Development
14 INDUSTRY SOLUTIONs (ADD-ON s)
- Additionally,SAP actively develops special
software packages on top of R/3 ,targeted to
specialized vertical industries.These packages
are known as INDUSTRY SOLUTIONs (IS) .These
packages are fully integrated with the rest of
R/3 applications.SAP has the following IS
packages like - IS-B Sap Industry solution for Banks
- IS-H Sap Industry solution for Hospitals
- IS-IS Sap Industry solution for
Insurance,Money,Foreign Exchange - IS-OIL Sap Industry solution for Oil companies
- IS-P Sap Industry solution for Publishing sector
- IS-PS Sap Industry solution for Public sector
- IS-Retail Sap Industry solution for Retail
- IS-T Sap Industry solution for Telecommunication
Sector - These IS-Packages are a collection of specific
business processes,set of transactions,programs,sc
reens,documentation's Which fully integrated with
the R/3 applications. - Other solutions like CRM , SCM , BIW ,
PUBLIC-SECTOR etc. can integrate With the sap
system .
15Basis Software
- R/3 BASIS Software is the set of programs
tools which interfaces - with the computer operating system ,database
,Application server - and the presentation interfaces .
- Basis software mainly R/3 common Kernel or R/3
Middle ware - which is the nucleus of a system known as
the SAP KERNEL . - The main kernel directory in application server
is - \usr\sap\ltSIDgt\sys\exe\run
-
16R/3 WORK PROCESS or SERVICES
-
- In SAP naming convention , a service is a process
or a group of work - process .Computing system i e running the
particular Services known - as a server or Application server .
17SERVICES in R/3
18Standard Work processes
SAPGUI
SAPGUI
SAPGUI
SAPGUI
Dispatcher
D I A L O G
M E S S A G E
G A T E W A Y
S P O O L
E N Q U E U E
B A C K G R O
U P D A T E
DATABASE INSTANCE
19Dispatcher processes
- The SAP dispatcher is the control program which
manages - the resources of the R/3 applications.
- The main tasks of the dispatcher are as follows
- Balanced assignment of the transaction load to
the appropriate work process - Buffer management in the main memory.
- Connection with the presentation level.
- Organization of the communication process.
20Dialog work processes(1)
- Dialog Step
- A dialog step is a sap r/3 screen,which is
represented by a dynamic - program(dynpro) .A dynamic program consists
of a screen and all the - associated processing logic .
- When users are entered something on the
screen press enter ,they are - actually making one dialog step .
- The dialog work processes are in charge of
interactive task of the R/3 System . A dialog
process performs the dialog steps corresponding
to the user interactive sessions. - The SAP profile parameter that controls the
number of interactive Dialog Work Process per
instance is rdisp/wp_no_dia
21Dialog work processes(2)
22Update work Process
The update process is in charge of
executing database changes when requested by
dialog or background work Processes.
23Enqueue work Process
The enqueue work process is in charge of
lock Management system. It allows multiple
application Services to synchronize the access to
the database and maintain data consistency.
24Background work Process
The background work processes are in charge
of executing ABAP/4 programs submitted for
background execution. SAP background processing
automates routine tasks and helps in optimize
computing resources. Using background processing,
SAP System runs programs for you. Background
processing lets you move long-running or
resource-intensive program runs to times when the
system load is low. It also lets you delegate to
the system the task of running reports or
programs. Your dialog sessions are not tied up,
and reports that run in the background are not
subject to the dialog-step run-time limit that
applies to interactive sessions. The SAP
profile parameter that controls the number of
background work processes per instance is
rdisp/wp_no_btc
25Message work Server
The message server is a service used by
the different Application servers to exchange
data and internal messages. The message
server routes the messages between application
servers.
26Gateway work Server
The gateway server allows the communication betwee
n the R/3, R/2 and external applications. This
service is a CPIC handler which implements the
CPIC protocol for Communication. This is commonly
known as a gateway. The function of the SAP
gateway is to exchange larger Amounts of data
between application servers.
27Spool work Process
- The spool work process is in charge of formatting
- the data for printing and passing it to the host
- spool system.
- The SAP profile parameter that controls the
- number of background work processes per
- instance is rdisp/wp_no_spo
28Setting of R/3 WORK PROCESS
Name of the Services . Min Number of processes Taken care by the parameters
Dialog Services (D) gt2 rdisp/wp_no_dia
Update Services (V) gt0 rdisp/wp_no_vb, rdisp/wp_no_vb2
Enqueue (Lock management) (E) 0 or 1 rdisp/wp_no_enq
Background Process (B) gt1 rdisp/wp_no_btc
Message Server process (M) 0 or 1
Gateway services (G) gt1
Spool services (S) gt1 rdisp/wp_no_spo
29Process Overview
30Logical flow of a execution of a user request
User enter data using SAPGUI
1.
SAPGUI convert data to sap format sent to
dispatcher
2.
3.
Dispatcher keeps the requests in queues process
one by one
4.
Dispatcher allocates user request to free work
process
5.
Real execution takes place inside work processes
End of execution, result goes back to Dispatcher
6.
Dispatcher sends data to user using SAPGUI
7.
Time is taken from step1 to step 7 is known as
RESPONSE TIME .
31Basis Terminology (1)
R/3 System A R/3 System consists of combination
of database server and the application servers
. SAP System Identification The SAP System
Identification, often referred to as the SAPSID,
or SID, is a unique three-character code that
identifies the R/3 System. SAP System
Identification codes used are DEV for the
development system, QAS for the quality assurance
system, and PRD for the production
system. Client A client is a legal and
organizational entity in the R/3 System whose
business management data is protected against
unlawful access. In addition, a client Has
its own set of user data Is a logical system
with separate master records Has its own set of
table data on common table . System Landscape The
landscape consists of all R/3 Systems (Instances)
involved in the implementation project and client
architectures that access (or share) a common
transport directory.
32Basis Terminology (2)
Customizing Customizing is the process of
configuring the SAP R/3 System such that the R/3
functionality fits the companys needs. Database
Server This is where the database resides. Main
data stores in this server . Application
Server This is where R/3 application runs. On a 2
tiered system, this would be combined with
the database server. Instance An installation
of R/3 on a application server . GUI Graphical
User Interface. The SAPgui is the software on
users computer or local server that allows to
connect to one or more of the SAP environments.
33Disk Space Requirements
- To configure a R/3 Release 4.X System, each
database will require approximately 20 - GB of disk space.
- An application server will require approximately
2 GB of disk space . - A client with pure customizing data will require
between 700 to 1500 MB. - If the client also contains application data,
such as a production system, the storage - requirements can increase to several GB.
- The disk space requirements can also be affected
by the - Relational database management system (RDBMS)
selected - Number of clients in the system
- Number of master data records
- Number of transaction data records
- Amount of historical data retained
34SAP R/3 Directory structure (1)
SCM
These sap directories created by sap
installation
DVEBMGS00
- The physical parent directory of the whole sap
application is /usr/sap - Transport directory is /usr/sap/trans
- SAP system parent directory ltsapsidgt , which is
/usr/sap/SCM - If more than one sap system will installed on the
same machine then additional - directory will be created under /usr/sap/.. ..
35SAP R/3 Directory structure (2)
- Sap mount directory is /sapmnt useful for
sharing the common files with all - system belonging to the same group .
- Mainly /sapmnt/scm ? indicates the directory
/usr/sap/scm - Directory /sapmnt/scm/sys/exe/run it contains
all sap runtime programs - this directory also called sap kernel
directory.Most of the program files in this - directory are directly used by sap processes
- Directory /sapmnt/scm/sys/profile which contains
sap profile files like - startup-profile ,default-profile
instance-profile. - Directory /sapmnt/scm/sys/global which contains
global or common data - managed by the SAP application shared by
all instances ,all types of logs.
36R/3 Client
- When Sap installed it comes with 3 default
clients with default - users and default password.
Client User Default Password
000 SAP 06071992
000 DDIC 19920706
001 SAP 06071992
001 DDIC 19920706
066 EARLYWATCH SUPPORT
37R/3 Data(1)
- An R/3 System is subdivided into clients .
- In R/3 most of Customer business data in sub
groups divided by -
- clients ,these type of data is client
dependent data - When the SAP objects are just accessed by only
one client, we - define them as client dependant data.
- Some data in R/3 which is shared by all client
like R/3 - repository data.This type of data is client
independent data.
38R/3 Data(2)
- R/3 database can be divided into two logical
components - R/3 repository object
- R/3 customer data
- R/3 repository central part of this is ABAP
dictionary i.e. programs,screens, - reports provided by
sap or created or modified by sap user . - Customer data customer data consists of any
kind of data entered into r/3 - by the customer in
time of sap implementation or day to day - business processing .
- Customizing data
- This data generated when r/3 is configured to
meet the particular needs of the customer through
customizing.Most customizing data is
client-dependent some is independent . - Application data
- Also known as business data ,which generated day
by day business processing. Mainly master data ,
transaction data . - User master data
- Records of R/3 users password authorization
39System strategies(1)
- In time of system setup the question we have to
face - How many R/3 systems will be needed ?
- What function will be performed by each R/3
system in a - system landscape ?
- How many clients will be needed by each R/3
system ? - What role will each client play in the system
Landscape ?
- Three types of Environment needed for a system
strategies - Development environment (DEV)
- For development activities .
- Quality Assurance environment (QA)
- For extensive testing the developed or
customized object .Mainly for - integration testing purpose.
- Production environment (PRD)
- For actual company business transaction.
- Combination of all the system is called SYSTEM
LANDSCAPE . - Three types of system landscape are
- Single-system Landscape
- Two-system Landscape
- Three-system Landscape
40System strategies(2)
- Single-system Landscape
- Development client , Testing client , Production
Client on a same server . -
- Advantages
- For this type of system , hardware cost
administrative cost is lower . - Disadvantages
- Changes to client-independent or repository
objects will affect the whole - environment .
- The performance of the system affect all clients
- Production data is a accessible from development
testing environment - Problems during the implementation of other
applications , when some - production is going on .
- Problems when modifying standard programs
Most of the disadvantages with a one-system
landscape are associated with client independent
changes, repository changes, upgrades , that
immediately impact the production environment.
These disadvantages are a much greater problem
once the R/3 System is in a productive state.
41System strategies(3)
- Two-system Landscape
- For this case development QA testing done
on same system . - But production on different system .
-
- Advantages
- The production system (PRD) containing only the
finalized production environment . - After completing the preparation phase (test,
verification, and release), the parameters and
programs can be transported from the development
system (DEV) to the production system (PRD) . - (DEV client ? QA client ? PRD System).
- Minimal amount of hardware investment.
- Minimal system administration and change request
management required - Disadvantages
- Recommended only for projects with a limited
amount of ongoing development - No separate quality assurance system (QAS) for
isolated testing
42System strategies(4)
- Three -system Landscape
- In this case development ,QA , production
take place on different system. - The most recommended system in SAP .
- Advantages
- New development can start without affecting the
production environment. - QA system allows for integration testing of
developments before promoted - to production.
- Production data is secure, security will prevent
access to sensitive data - client settings will prevent the unauthorized
changing of data . - Production performance is not affected by other
clients, there is only one - production client .
- The general sandbox client (SAND) in the
development system (DEV) makes it - easier to become familiar with the new
application functions and conduct - suitability testing
- Client-independent customizing testing can occur
without conflicts - Disadvantages
43Transport management system
- Within the R/3 System Landscape customizing
development changes performed, - in a development client ,has to transfer to
QAS client PRD client . - SAP R/3 enables user to record changes to a
CHANGE REQUEST ,which is - distributed to other client or other R/3
system . - When changes to either customizing or repository
objects are made,the changed - objects are recorded to a TASK in a Change
Request corresponding to a specific - user .
- After completion the development ,user release
the Change Request transport - to QAS PRD system .
- Transport Directory ? \usr\sap\trans
44 SAP consultants
- SAP consultants divide themselves into 3
categories - FUNCTIONAL consultant
- BASIS consultant
- ABAP programmers
- FUNCTIONAL consultant Experienced people in some
business areas - who
knows how to customize those modules - to meet
the customers need. - BASIS consultant Technical consultants who
taken care installation - sap
administration , database administration. - ABAP programmer Technical consultant who writes
sap programs - reports for
any new requirements in sap by - using ABAP/4
programming language. - Customizing Once customer buy one sap-kit,it
contains all the modules - with all the business
processes.the next step is to customize - to suit business needs
practices.
45START WORKING ON SAP BASIS
46SAP Screen Features(1)
- SAP screen has seven main areas Screen Header,
Menu Bar, Standard Toolbar, Title Bar, either a
Navigation Toolbar or Application Toolbar, Screen
Body, and Status Bar..
47SAP Screen Features(2)
Command Field The Command field is used to
enter transaction codes
Standard Toolbar Buttons The SAP buttons
displayed on the Toolbar provide quick access to
commonly used SAP functions. If a Toolbar button
is gray, it is not available for use on that
particular screen.
48OPENNING A SAP SESSION using saplogon-pad
- Navigation to opening a SAP session
- 1. Start ?Programs ?SAP Fronted ? SAPLogon
- 2. Choose any one of the icon SAPlogon or
SAPlogon-pad from the desktop . - Choose any server name e.g. SCMA
SERVER . - Then the Sap screen will open connect
to the Application server defined on SAPlogon pad
Continue ..
49Creating one new entry on SAP-logon
Enter IP address of the application server the
system number
- Creation of new SAPLogon on logon-pad .
- We create giving the IP address the system
number which is the - identification of the instance.
Continue ..
50OPENING A SAP SESSION using sap-session-manager
SAP front-end can be open using
SAP Session Manager.
Choose Application server first . Enter Proper
USERID,Client ID, Password Language to open the
sap session .
51FIRST SCREEN ON SAP
Enter Proper Client id , User id , Password
Language to open the sap session .
Now start Working
52Start work on Basis
- Start Basis Adminstration
- Basis Administration
- User Administration
- Client Administration
- Transport Management
SAP menu ?Tools ?Administration
53Navigation Using Transaction Codes
- SAP provides a unique multi-character identifier
for each system task. This shorthand - name is called a transaction code which is a
navigation alternative to using a menu - path to get to a system task
- Transaction code may contain letters only, or a
combination of letters and numbers. - Used in conjunction with a prefix such as /n
or /o . - e.g . SPAM , SU01 .
- /n ends the current transaction and switches to
the new one without saving any data - in the current transaction .
- /o opens a new SAP session and accesses the new
transaction without ending the - current one (which will remain open in the
background session)
Command field with transaction Code.
54Transaction Code(1)
- Transaction is an operation that lets a user make
changes to a database . - In SAP transaction is a sequence of related
steps ,are screens in which data - is introduced causing the generation of other
events. - The final task of a transaction is to modify the
information which ultimately - goes into the database. The database is not
updated until a transaction has - finished.
- All the transactions in the R/3 system have an
associated transaction code. -
- All available transaction are held in table TSTC
.To see the table data we can - use the transaction codes SE16 / SE11 .
- We can create user defined transaction code by
using SE93 . - The Used transaction code by the user can be
monitored using the transaction code STAT and
STAD.
55Transaction Code(2)
Transaction code SE93 to maintain TC.
User defined TC start with Y or Z
56Transaction Code(3)
Transaction code STAT to monitor Transaction code
used by any user
57System Status
- Navigation Menu ? System ? Status
58Client Maintenance
- Maintain client using the transaction code SCC4
59User Maintenance
Create or maintain User using the transaction
code SU01
60Maintain Authorization
- Maintain User Authorization using transaction
code PFCG
61Configure Maintain Transport Management System
- Maintain Transport management system using
transaction - code STMS .
62Maintain Transport request
- Maintain Transport Request using transaction
code SE01 .
63Maintain RFC connection
- Maintain RFC connection using the transaction
code SM59.
64Maintain SAP Profile
- Maintain SAP Profile using the transaction code
RZ10.
65Maintain SAP table data
- Maintain SAP table using the transaction code
SE11.
66To monitoring Logon user with R/3
- Can Monitor any user working or not using TC
SM04.
67To maintain the customizing setting within R/3
- Create customizing setting by the transaction
code SPRO
68To upload support package to R/3
- Upload the support packages using transaction
code SPAM
69To monitoring system log messages
- Monitor log of the system using transaction code
SM21
70Database backup scheduling
- Scheduling and monitoring database backup using
TC DB13
71Sending System Message
- Send system message to the sap users using TC
SM02.
72SAP SYSTEM STARTUP or SHUTDOWN(1)
Double click on the icon SAP SYSTEM MANAGEMNT
CONSOLE to START SAPMMC .
SAPMMC Which used to start stop sap application
server .
73SAP SYSTEM STARTUP or SHUTDOWN(2)
SAPMMC Right click the application server name
(scma here) the start/stop option will come
choose the right one
SAPMMC When the sap system start properly then
msg_server.exe dispwork.exe will green
status will show Running .
74SAP SYSTEM STARTUP or SHUTDOWN(3)
SAPDBA tool can be invoke from operating system
(dos prompt for WinNT) using the command
C\gt sapdba
SAPDBA Sap startup/shutdown also can be done by
using SAPDBA tool.
STARTUP/ SHUTDOWN can be done from operating
system (dos prompt for WinNT) using the
commands C\gt startsap (Starting sap db ) C\gt
stopsap (Stoping sap db ) C\gt startsap r\3
(Starting sap server only ,when db is running
) C\gt stopsap r\3 (Stoping sap server only, but
db will running ) C\gt startsap db (Starting db
only ,but sap will not start ) C\gt stopsap db
(Stoping db ,when sap already stopped )
75Roles of an Basis Admin(1)
- Within R/3
- User administrator
- Set up and maintain user accounts
- New user setup
- Reset a password
- Lock or unlock a user
- Security administrator
- Create and maintain SAP security profiles
- Monitor and manage security access and
violations - System administrator
- Create a system message
- Start or stop the system
- Maintain the health of the system
- Monitor system performance and logs
- Transport administrator
- Transport changes from one system to another
- Manage change requests
76Roles of an Basis Admin(2)
- Within R/3
- Batch scheduler
- Create and manage the scheduling of batch jobs
- Backup operator
- Schedule, run, and monitor backup jobs of the
SAP database and any required - operating system level files
- Disaster recovery technical manager
- Create, test, and execute the SAP disaster
recovery plan - Programmer
- Apply Online Service System note fixes to
programs - Data Dictionary (DDIC) manager
- Change the Data Dictionary (when applicable)
77Roles of an Basis Admin(3)
- Outside R/3
- DBA for the specific database on which the
system is running - Manage database specific tasks
- Maintain the databases health and integrity
- Operating system administrator
- Manage the operating system access and user
IDs - Manage operating system specific tasks
- Desktop support
- Supports the users desktop PC
- Maintenance R/3
- Changing system profile parameters
- Applying hot packages or legal change patches
- Upgrading the kernel
- Client copy (create, copy, and delete)
- Transporting objects from system to system
78SAP Today
- 4th largest software vendor in the world
- 30 years of business experience
- 7,500 customers in 90 countries
- 13,000 R/3 installations
- 1,400 R/2 installations
- 13,000 employees
- Worldwide presence in over 50 countries outside
Germany -
SAP WORLWIDE HEADQUARTER ADDRESS SAP AG
Germany Neurottstrass 16, D 69190 Walldorf
,Germany Phone 06227 34 0 Web site
www.sap.com www.sap-ag.de www.help.sap.com