Antoine Lavoisier

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Antoine Lavoisier

• (1734 1794)
• The Father of Modern Chemistry

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Experiments

• Did a similar exp. to steel wool exp.
• Heated tin in a sealed flask. It removed 1/5 of
  the air.
• Conclusion Gas combined with tin.
• Repeated the exp. with mercury
• Reverse of what Priestley did
• Same thing happened
• Communicated with Priestley

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Conclusions

• Priestleys new gas (oxygen) was combining with
  the metals.
• Combustion and rusting are processes where a
  substance combines with oxygen.
• 1/5 of air is oxygen 4/5 is an inert gas,
  nitrogen.

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Other Contributions

• Showed that metals gain mass when burned
• Discovered law of conservation of mass
• In a chemical reaction, nothing is created or
  destroyed.
• Proposed program for chemistry
• Find elements, their weights, and rules of
  combination
• By 1800, 30 elements were discovered

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Reasons for Lavoisiers Success

• Workable definition of an element
• A substance that can not be reduced in weight by
  any chemical reaction
• Carefully accounted for all substances going into
  and out of chemical reactions by tracking their
  weights.

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Classification of Matter
Matter
Yes
No
Can it be separated physically?
Mixture
Pure Substances
Is it uniform in composition?
Can it be separated chemically?
Yes
Yes
No
No
Element
Compound
Homogenous
Heterogeneous
Ex. Salt water
Ex. Salad
Ex. H2O
Ex. Mercury