Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics

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Title: Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics


1
Babylonian and Egyptian Mathematics
2
Introduction
3
Babylon
  • refers to any mathematics in Mesopotamia
  • more than 400 clay tablets
  • Cuneiform script
  • approximation to v2
  • Sexadecimal numeral system (base 60)

4
Egyptian mathematics
  • Refers to mathematics written in the egyptian
    language
  • Greek replaced Egyptian as the written language
    of Egyptian scholars - Hellenistic mathematics
  • when Arabic became the written language of
    Egyptian scholars Islamic mathematics

5
  • oldest text Moscow papyrus (2000 1800 BC)
  • word or story problems
  • volume of frustum
  • Rhind papyrus(1650 BC)

6
Egyptian Mathematics
7
  • earliest fully developed base 10 numeration
    system

8
Babylonian mathematics
9
  • fractions, algebra, quadratic and cubic equations
  • calculation of Pythagorean triples
  • multiplication tables, trigonometry tables and
    methods for solving linear and quadratic
    equations

10
Numerals
  • written in cuneiform on a soft clay tablet
  • astrological observations and calculations
  • Abacus
  • positional numeral system with base 60 (divisible
    by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30)
    which appeared 1900 BC to 1800 BC.

11
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12
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13
  • only two symbols for digits
  • radix point was not used but was made clear from
    context
  • space was left to indicate a place without value
    - zero, later on they devised a sign
  • degrees, time

14
  • pre-calculated tables to assist
  • used the lists of squares together with the
    formulas

15
  • Division
  • table of reciprocals
  • Quadratic equation
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