The%20Plague,%20Hundred%20Years%20War%20and%20the%20Church

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The Plague, Hundred Years War and the Church
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The Black or Bubonic Plague

• Spread by flees on rats carried over by Italian
  Merchants from Caffa
• Followed trade routes (France, Low Country,
  Germany, England, northern Europe, Eastern
  Europe, Russia in 3 years)
• Up to 50 of the population died
• Social and Economic Consequences
• Church, trade declines, end of serfdom and
  religious persecution

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Divisions in the Church

• Lack of faith due to the Black Death
• Papacy in France and Rome as well as the Great
  Schism
• John Wycliffe Bible in the vernacular (English)
• John Hus burned a heretic
• Changes in the Churchbecause their ideas sparked
  the public!

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The Hundred Years War

• 1337 1453 CE
• A series of English and French conflicts that
  physically devastate France and economically
  drain England

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Background for War

• 1259 Treaty of Paris
• Aquitaines lord is the English King how can
  the English King be a vassal to the French King
  at the same time? Especially when England is
  more powerful!

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War Begins

• French King, Philip VI, tries to take control of
  Aquitaine from Englandand the English fight
  back

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Hundred Years War

• WHY WAR?
• English hope to hold onto lands held by their
  Norman ancestors
• French hope to regain their lands on the European
  continent (esp. the KING!)

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Early Years of War

• English won important early victories in Northern
  France (Crecy and Agincourt)
• English used the longbow, which helped them
  achieve victory
• French moral is very low

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Joan of Arc

• 17 year old peasant woman
• Hears spiritual voices of Saints
• King Charles VII of France gives her command of
  the relief force at Orleans, France
• Joan inspires troops and is somewhat militarily
  successful

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Joan of Arc

• Joan is captured by the English
• The English try her and burn her at the stake
  (age 19)
• Joan becomes a French martyr
• and a Catholic saint
• The tides turn

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The Hundred Years War Ends

• France takes the offensive against England
  (Battle of Orleans turning point of the war)
• France wins a series of battles with the cannon
  (technology destroys castles!)
• England retreats from the European continent
  for good
• Results of the warnew monarchies England
  weaker / France absolute!

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Reconquista of Spain

• Muslim Spain divided into Muslim and Christian
  Kingdoms
• Marriage of Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of
  Aragon
• Unification of Spain in 1492
• Most Catholic Nation State with strong
  Inquisition Court

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