Towards%20a%20Net%20Zero%20Carbon%20Community

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Towards a Net Zero Carbon Community

• MSc Group Project

Group members
William Irwin Jeremy Laycock Andy
Cheng Ewan Spence Roger Carter
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Agenda

• Project Introduction
• Aim
• Deliverables
• Geographic area and statistics
• Areas of Investigation
• CO2 Reduction
• Economics
• Conclusions
• Transferability

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Aims

• Investigate the potential for a net zero carbon
  urban community
• Defined geographical inner city district
• - Building interactions
• - Community energy use
• To look at the community as a whole
• Identify target sectors
• Look at different schemes that can reduce carbon
  emissions in these areas
• Innovative use of resources and waste

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Aims

• Cost-benefit sensitivity exercise over the whole
  community
• An assessment of the potential CO2 savings of
  each scheme
• A comparison of each scheme based on cost per
  tonne of CO2 saved
• A methodology that is transferable to other urban
  communities

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Methodology
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Geographic Area
Dennistoun Population 7000 Households 3300
Electricity consumption 44GWh per year Natural
Gas consumption 110GWh per year CO2 emissions
64000 tonnes
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Agenda

• Project Introduction
• Aim
• Deliverables
• Geographic area and statistics
• Areas of Investigation
• CO2 Reduction
• Economics
• Conclusions
• Transferability

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Areas of investigation
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Domestic Demand Reduction

• Insulation, double glazing and airtightness
• Boiler changes on private housing
• Method
• Carry out a housing survey
• Create base case matching data acquired
• Analysis using EDEM
• Medium insulation (2002 reg.)
• Gas condensing boiler
• Sensitivity assessment of best scheme
• Required to be cost effective as well as reduce
  emissions

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Renewable Energy Systems

• Large Wind Turbine
• 800kW/2MW Rated Turbines
• Placed on raised green space in area
• Generates electricity for brewery
• Analysis from Windpower and Merit
• Photovoltaics
• Placed on rooftops of tenement blocks
• Used to meet electrical demand in blocks
• 3960W system
• Identified 440 sites
• Analysis carried out on Merit

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Energy from Waste

• Anaerobic Digester
• Utilises human waste to make biogas
• Locate in existing sewage plant
• Part of a city scale development
• Biogas used as fuel

• Biomass CHP plant
• Use fuel derived from waste in industry
• Spent grain from brewery
• Microalgae used as biomass fuel
• Meets base load of heat and electricity of
  brewery
• Meets nearby heat for social housing

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Carbon Capture and Sequestration

• Microalgae
• Captures emissions from biomass plant
• Grown in flat panel photobioreactors
• Harvested to use as biomass
• Urban woodland
• Plant trees in unused spaces in area
• Simplest form of Carbon Capture

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Agenda

• Project Introduction
• Aim
• Deliverables
• Geographic area and statistics
• Areas of Investigation
• CO2 Reduction
• Economics
• Conclusions
• Transferability

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CO2 Reduction
Scheme CO2 saved per year (tonnes) Percentage of total community emissions saved ()
Energy from waste 121 0.2
Tree planting 196 0.3
Photovoltaics 907 1.4
Wind turbine 2775 4.6
Demand reduction 5198 8.1
Biomass CHP Of which, microalgae 16857 509 26.3 0.8
Total CO2 saving 26054 40.7
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CO2 Reduction
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CO2 Reduction
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Economics
Scheme Capital cost (s) Capital cost per tonnes CO2 saved over 20 year lifecycle (/tonnesCO2)
Tree planting 5,700 1.5
Biomass 8,840,000 26.2
Energy from waste 67,000 27.7
Wind turbine 2,500,000 45.0
Microalgae 547,000 53.8
Demand Reduction 25,098,000 241.4
Photovoltaics 9,240,000 509.2
Total Cost 46,298,000
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Summary of Results

• Emissions reduced by
• 26000 tonnes
• 41 of the community
• 71 within industrial and domestic
• Capital cost of 46million

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Agenda

• Project Introduction
• Aim
• Deliverables
• Geographic area and statistics
• Areas of Investigation
• CO2 Reduction
• Economics
• Conclusions
• Transferability

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Transferability

• Method transferable to other urban communities
• Evaluate requirements and resources of the
  community
• Best Schemes
• Demand reduction and Biomass CHP best in terms of
  Carbon Reduction
• Biomass CHP is best value economically
• Other schemes have potential in the future
• Innovate use of resources
• Investigate waste and fuel sources within the
  community

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Community Energy Flow
Brewery
Biomass
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Conclusions

• Approach specific to urban communities
• Carbon reduction most effective with schemes
  related to heat demand
• Difficult to achieve net zero carbon

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Conclusions

• An urban community cannot be thought of in
  isolation from the rest of the city or country
• Transferable methodology
• Significant reduction with potential future
  savings

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• MSc Group Project