Georgia%20as%20a%20Colony

1
Georgia as a Colony
2
Trustee Georgia

• The Trustee period in Georgia began when King
  George II gave permission to establish the colony
  in 1732.
• For the first twenty years of Georgias colonial
  history, a group of trustees governed the colony.
  
• A trustee is someone who oversees property on
  behalf of someone else.

3
Trustee Georgia

• Georgias trustees managed the colony on behalf
  of England and its ruler during this period, King
  George II.
• The king granted James Oglethorpe a charter,
  which is written permission to begin an English
  colony.
• The colony was named Georgia after King George.

4
Trustee Georgia

• Before Georgia became a British colony, there was
  tension between the British and Spanish over the
  land.
• This tension increased after the neighboring area
  of South Carolina became a British colony in
  1670.
• Spain maintained control of Florida.

5
Trustee Georgia

• The land between South Carolina and Florida
  remained virtually unclaimed by Europeans
• The original boundaries of South Carolina
  included the land between the Savannah and the
  Altamaha rivers.
• This land eventually belonged to the Georgia
  colony.

6
James Oglethorpe

• James Oglethorpe was a British soldier and a
  member of British Parliament, the legislative
  branch of British government.
• Oglethorpe became interested in prison reform
  while he was in Parliament.
• He saw that many people went to prison simply
  because they were poor.
• These people were called the worthy poor.
• Because the worthy poor could not afford to pay
  their taxes, they often ended up in debtors
  prisons.

7
James Oglethorpe

• Oglethorpe thought these people deserved a chance
  at a new life.
• Oglethorpe believed that their best chance for a
  new life was in a new American colony.
• He hoped Georgia would become a land where the
  worthy poor could thrive.
• He also hoped it would be a place where
  Protestants could practice their religion.

8
Charter of 1732

• On April 21, 1732, King George signed the charter
  to establish the colony of Georgia.
• This charter also established a governing board
  and created the trust to run the colony.
• Seventy-one men served as trustees over the
  course of its period.
• The trustees were not paid.

9
Charter of 1732

• The charter also said that trustees could not
  hold office or land in Georgia.
• The charter did not set up any type of local
  government, but, it said that colonists had all
  of the same rights as British citizens.

10
Reasons for Settlement

• James Oglethorpe and his supporters argued that
  creating Georgia was both charitable and
  economic.
• Their motto was Non sibi sed aliis, which means
  Not for self, but for others.
• As an act of charity, the trustees paid for
  debtors to go to Georgia instead of prison.
• They also thought removing debtors would aid the
  economy of England.

11
Reasons for Settlement

• The trustees hoped the settlers would produce
  wine and silk to send back to England.
• They required new settlers to plant mulberry
  trees for the raising of silkworms.
• The trustees also argued that Georgia could help
  protect South Carolina from the Spanish.

12
Tomochichi

• Native Americans had lived in Georgia for
  thousands of years before the arrival of European
  settlers.
• When Europeans came to Georgia, they needed
  friendly relations with the Native Americans in
  order to establish a successful colony.
• The chief of the Yamacraw Indians, Tomochichi,
  played an important role in creating peace
  between the Europeans and Native Americans in
  Georgia.

13
Tomochichi

• He helped the many different groups in the area
  communicate with the British.
• In 1734, James Oglethorpe brought Tomochichi and
  his family to England, where he met the royal
  family.
• Tomochichis trip proved to be valuable to the
  Native Americans of Georgia. Tomochichis efforts
  led to the creation of a school for his tribe.

14
Tomochichi

• His contributions in the peaceful negotiations
  between various Native American tribes and the
  British settlements in Georgia were celebrated
  with an English military funeral when he died in
  1739.
• Tomochichi built relationships between the Native
  Americans of Georgia and the British.

15
Mary Musgrove

• Mary Musgrove was also a peacemaker.
• She was the daughter of an English trader and a
  Creek Indian.
• She was also related to several other Creek
  leaders.
• Musgrove used her connections to both the British
  and Native Americans to help protect Native
  Americans and to maintain peace in the Georgia
  colony.

16
Mary Musgrove

• She was also a trader and worked to expand her
  deerskin trading business.
• Historians have compared Mary Musgrove to other
  great Native American women in the history of the
  U.S., such as Pocahontas and Sacagawea.
• Musgrove claimed to have royal heritage, but few
  scholars have accepted this claim.

17
Savannah

• The city of Savannah, Georgia, was founded in
  1733.
• It was the last British colonial capital in
  America. James Oglethorpe designed the city.
• It was very different from previous colonial
  towns.

18
Savannah

• Its organization reflected many new European
  ideas about cities and buildings.
• Great European cities such as Paris, France, were
  also designed during this time using the same
  ideas.
• Savannah was built using connected neighborhoods
  and squares.
• Each neighborhood, square, ward, and garden lot
  was of equal size.

19
Savannah

• They were also arranged in a repeating pattern.
• This pattern allowed the distribution of land to
  new settlers to be fair.
• Commons surrounded the city. Commons are public
  lands owned by the city.
• The commons allowed the city to expand later.

20
The Salzburgers

• The Salzburgers were a group of Protestants who
  were expelled from Salzburg in the early 1730s.
• Salzburg is a city in present-day Austria.
• The Salzburgers were expelled because they were
  not Catholic.
• All Protestants were expelled at that time from
  the region.

21
The Salzburgers

• The Georgia trustees and King George II
  sympathized with the Salzburgers.
• They decided to support Protestant Salzburgers by
  extending an invitation for them to move to
  Georgia.
• The Salzburgers arrived in Georgia in 1734, and
  established the town of Ebenezer.

22
The Moravians

• Another group of Protestants were the Moravians
  from Bohemia, which is the present-day Czech
  Republic.
• The Moravians came to Georgia in 1735.
• Unlike the Salzburgers, who were expelled from
  the region, the Moravians came as missionaries.
• They wanted to unite Christians and convert
  non-Christians.

23
The Moravians

• Many other Protestants did not trust the
  Moravians.
• They had many new and different ideas.
• One of these ideas was that women could preach
  and hold religious offices.
• The Moravian community was ultimately
  unsuccessful and eventually dissolved.

24
The Malcontents

• Captain George Dunbar brought the Salzburgers to
  Georgia.
• He also brought a group of Highland Scots.
• In 1736, the Highlanders founded Darien, a town
  on Georgias southern border.
• Later, the Highlanders would also become a group
  known as the Malcontents.

25
The Malcontents

• Most of the Malcontents were colonists of
  Scottish descent.
• Although the trustees aided many of Georgias
  settlers, they did not aid the Malcontents.
• The Malcontents were wealthy enough to pay for
  their own voyage to Georgia.

26
The Malcontents

• Because of this, they were not as loyal to the
  trustees or Britain.
• The Malcontents wanted to purchase land and
  enslave people with their great wealth.
• They resented limits put in place by the trustees
  that prevented them from doing this.

27
The Spanish in Florida

• Spanish settlers in Florida were not happy that
  so many new settlers were coming to neighboring
  Georgia.
• The Spanish had been interested in the land that
  became the Georgia colony.
• The British built Fort Frederica in Georgia in an
  effort to protect the colony.

28
The Spanish in Florida

• Georgian soldiers made an unsuccessful attack on
  the Spanish mission of St. Augustine, Florida, in
  1740.
• Two years later, the Spanish attacked Fort
  Frederica.
• The tension between British Georgia and Spanish
  Florida came to a head in the Battle of Bloody
  Marsh.

29
The Spanish in Florida

• The Spanish retreated and never again attacked a
  British colony on the eastern coast.
• Oglethorpe waged one more attack against Spanish
  Florida.
• The attack was unsuccessful.

30
Royal Colony

• During this campaign, Oglethorpe was requested
  back in England to answer misconduct charges
  against him.
• Oglethorpe was found not guilty however, he
  never returned to Georgia.
• Oglethorpe remained on the board of trustees
  until 1750.
• At that time, Oglethorpe disagreed with Georgias
  lack of restrictions on land ownership, rum, and
  slavery.

31
Royal Colony

• In 1752, the British government did not renew
  funding for the colony.
• The trustees turned over control of the colony to
  the British Crown.
• Georgia then became a royal colony.

32
Summary

• Explain the importance of James Oglethorpe, the
  Charter of 1732, reasons for settlement (charity,
  economics, and defense), Tomochichi, Mary
  Musgrove, and the city of Savannah.
• Evaluate the Trustee Period of Georgias colonial
  history, emphasizing the role of the Salzburgers,
  Highland Scots, malcontents, and the Spanish
  threat from Florida.