PHOBIAS

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PHOBIAS

• By Amanda MacInnis, Becca Wade and Staci Martin

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• A phobia is a situation of fear
• during an activity, or thing that
• causes the person to want to
• avoid it.

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• THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF PHOBIAS
• Specific Phobias
• Social Phobias
• Agoraphobias

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SPECIFIC PHOBIA

• Extreme fear of a specific living thing, object
  or situation.

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CRITERIA
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• Individual experiences excessive and persistent
  fear of a specific object or situation and has
  feelings of anxiety, fear, or panic right when
  encountering it
• The person knows that their reaction of fear is
  unreasonable
• Individuals fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes
  significant distress or it interferes with the
  persons day to day life
• In children younger than 18 years old, the
  problem must be present for at least six months
  before diagnosing a specific phobia
• The persons fear, panic, and avoidance arent
  better explained by another disorder

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TYPES
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• Animal- fear of animals
• Natural Environment- fear of heights, storms and
  being near water
• Blood-Injection/Injury- fear of seeing blood,
  having a blood test or injection, watching
  medical procedures
• Situational- driving, flying, elevators, and
  enclosed places
• Other- other specific fears

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CAUSES
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LEARNING HISTORY

• Direct learning experiences- can begin following
  a traumatic experience
• Observational learning experiences- learn to fear
  a situation by watching others show signs of a
  fear in the same situation
• Informational Learning- learning to fear an
  object or situation by hearing or reading that
  the situation is dangerous

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ATTENTION AND MEMORY

• People with specific phobias tend to pay more
  attention to threatening information that relates
  to the fear
• Also tend to have distortions in their memories
  for encounters of fear

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BELEIFS AND INTERPRETATIONS

• People with specific phobias tend to hold beliefs
  and to interpret situations in a way that
  increases anxiety

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AVOIDANCE AND OTHER BEHAVIORS

• Avoidance of fear prevents people with specific
  phobias from learning that the situations they
  fear are not as dangerous as they think it is

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BIOLOGICAL

• Sometimes a phobia may run in the family and
  genetics may play a role
• When exposed to fear biological changes occur in
  the body and these can increase physical symptoms

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TREATMENTS
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EXPOSURE TO FEARED SITUATIONS

• Confronting a feared situation repeatedly, until
  the situation no longer triggers fear this
  technique

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APPLIED MUSCLE TENSION

• This technique is used specifically to treat
  people with blood and needle phobias
• Combines exposure to blood and needles with
  exercises that involve tensing all of the muscles
  of the body
• Temporarily raises the persons blood pressure
  and prevents fainting

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COGNITIVE THERAPY

• Learning to identify ones anxious thoughts and
  to replace them with more realistic thoughts

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BIOLOGICAL THERAPY

• Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as
  paroxetine (Paxil) and similar medications
• Anti-anxiety medications such as diazepam
  (Valium) and related drugs

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SOCIAL PHOBIAS
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• Individuals with social phobia are very fearful
  of being in a performance or social situations.
  The anxiety they get is either due to the
  feelings of being judged by others or behaving in
  a way that could cause embarrassment.

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CAUSES
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HEREDITY

• In many cases the individuals parents have
  social phobia, which results in their children
  having it as well due to their genetics

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ENVRIONMENTAL

• When children live in certain types of
  environments, they are effected and behaviors can
  change

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NEUROLOGICAL

• A chemical unbalance can occur within the brain
  which causes a social phobia
• The imbalance of serotonin in the brain cells can
  cause social situations can be seen very
  frightening for the individual

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SYMPTOMS
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PHYSICAL

• Blushing
• Shaky voice and trembling of hands and feet
• Sweaty or cold hands
• Panic attacks
• Muscular tension
• Diarrhea
• Confusion
• Difficulty making eye contact

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COGNITIVE

• Fear of being judged or criticized
• Anxiety or fear of having attention put on you
• The belief that others see you as anxious, weak,
  crazy or stupid
• Fear of meeting strangers
• Fear of authority figures

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PERSONALITY TRAITS

• Low self-confidence and self-esteem
• Negative thought patterns
• Undeveloped social skills

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TREATMENTS
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MEDICINES

• Paroxetine
• Sertraline
• Fluvoxamine
• Fluoxetine

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THERAPIES

• Two Types Group and Private
• By taking therapies the person will be able to
  learn to face social situations and key ways on
  how to stop avoiding them
• Learn different exercises you can do to control
  you symptoms

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ANALYZING NEGATIVE THOUGHTS

• A major symptom of someone with a social phobia
  is having anxiety caused by negative thoughts
• Individual has to ask themselves why they would
  be so scared to do certain things

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AGORAPHOBIA
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AGORAPHOBIA

• Is the fear of being outside or being in a
  situation, which one either cannot escape from,
  or escaping would be difficult or humiliating.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF AGORAPHOBIA
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CHARACTERISTICS

• There are two characteristics that are associated
  with this phobia
• Anxiety it starts to develop for people with
  agoraphobia when they start to think about being
  in a situation out of their comfort zone.
• Panic When people avoid these situations it
  brings them to panic and anxiety.

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HOW AGORAPHOBIA IS DIAGONOSED

• A mental health professional diagnosis
  agoraphobia by taking a personal history from the
  client/patient.
• No physical conditions that can be met to
  determine if someone has agoraphobia.

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TREATMENT

• There are three ways Agoraphobia is treated1)
  Therapy2) Medication3) Both therapy and
  medication combined

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SOURCES

• http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/social-anxiety
• http//apt.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/9/4/258.pdf
• http//www.mentalhealth.com/rx/p23-an03.html
• http//www.socialphobiaworld.com/social-phobia-sym
  ptoms-16960/
• http//www.facebook.com/l.php?uhttp3A2F2Fhelpg
  uide.org2Fmental2Fsocial_anxiety_support_symptom
  _causes_treatment.htmh75c49CWs1Xv8IaAgvRAbjH835I
  g
• http//www.socialanxietysupport.com/disorder/
• http//kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health
  /social_phobia.html
• http//www.socialphobia.org/whatis.htmlwhatis1

39

• http//www.medicinenet.com/agoraphobia/article.htm
  
• http//www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/Agoraph
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• http//www.books.google.ca2Fbooks3Fid3DsZQoPHyE
  JoC26pg3DPA6526lpg3DPA6526dq3Dagoraphobia2B
  rates2Bin2Bcanada26source3Dbl26ots3D2Jzq5pcz
  C_26sig3DQhR66zC2c07gniHnGSmq5L8gEWQ26hl3Den2
  6ei3DJ232TIeJHYWPnwfUrNmjCQ26sa3DX26oi3Dbook_
  result26ct3Dresult26resnum3D826ved3D0CDgQ6AE
  wBwh75c49V7W2i4SE6hpmyGWnr9VwhQ
• http//www.videomd.com/Phobias-fv-2165.aspx
• http//anxiety.stjoes.ca/specificP.htm