Title: PHOBIAS
1PHOBIAS
- By Amanda MacInnis, Becca Wade and Staci Martin
2- A phobia is a situation of fear
- during an activity, or thing that
- causes the person to want to
- avoid it.
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hobias.gif
3- THERE ARE THREE TYPES OF PHOBIAS
- Specific Phobias
- Social Phobias
- Agoraphobias
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4SPECIFIC PHOBIA
- Extreme fear of a specific living thing, object
or situation.
5CRITERIA
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- Individual experiences excessive and persistent
fear of a specific object or situation and has
feelings of anxiety, fear, or panic right when
encountering it - The person knows that their reaction of fear is
unreasonable - Individuals fear, anxiety, or avoidance causes
significant distress or it interferes with the
persons day to day life - In children younger than 18 years old, the
problem must be present for at least six months
before diagnosing a specific phobia - The persons fear, panic, and avoidance arent
better explained by another disorder
6TYPES
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- Animal- fear of animals
- Natural Environment- fear of heights, storms and
being near water - Blood-Injection/Injury- fear of seeing blood,
having a blood test or injection, watching
medical procedures - Situational- driving, flying, elevators, and
enclosed places - Other- other specific fears
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7CAUSES
8LEARNING HISTORY
- Direct learning experiences- can begin following
a traumatic experience - Observational learning experiences- learn to fear
a situation by watching others show signs of a
fear in the same situation - Informational Learning- learning to fear an
object or situation by hearing or reading that
the situation is dangerous
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9ATTENTION AND MEMORY
- People with specific phobias tend to pay more
attention to threatening information that relates
to the fear - Also tend to have distortions in their memories
for encounters of fear
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10BELEIFS AND INTERPRETATIONS
- People with specific phobias tend to hold beliefs
and to interpret situations in a way that
increases anxiety
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05
11AVOIDANCE AND OTHER BEHAVIORS
- Avoidance of fear prevents people with specific
phobias from learning that the situations they
fear are not as dangerous as they think it is
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12BIOLOGICAL
- Sometimes a phobia may run in the family and
genetics may play a role - When exposed to fear biological changes occur in
the body and these can increase physical symptoms
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13TREATMENTS
14EXPOSURE TO FEARED SITUATIONS
- Confronting a feared situation repeatedly, until
the situation no longer triggers fear this
technique
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15APPLIED MUSCLE TENSION
- This technique is used specifically to treat
people with blood and needle phobias - Combines exposure to blood and needles with
exercises that involve tensing all of the muscles
of the body - Temporarily raises the persons blood pressure
and prevents fainting
16COGNITIVE THERAPY
- Learning to identify ones anxious thoughts and
to replace them with more realistic thoughts
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17BIOLOGICAL THERAPY
- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, such as
paroxetine (Paxil) and similar medications - Anti-anxiety medications such as diazepam
(Valium) and related drugs
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18SOCIAL PHOBIAS
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19- Individuals with social phobia are very fearful
of being in a performance or social situations.
The anxiety they get is either due to the
feelings of being judged by others or behaving in
a way that could cause embarrassment.
20CAUSES
21HEREDITY
- In many cases the individuals parents have
social phobia, which results in their children
having it as well due to their genetics
22ENVRIONMENTAL
- When children live in certain types of
environments, they are effected and behaviors can
change
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23NEUROLOGICAL
- A chemical unbalance can occur within the brain
which causes a social phobia - The imbalance of serotonin in the brain cells can
cause social situations can be seen very
frightening for the individual
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24SYMPTOMS
25PHYSICAL
- Blushing
- Shaky voice and trembling of hands and feet
- Sweaty or cold hands
- Panic attacks
- Muscular tension
- Diarrhea
- Confusion
- Difficulty making eye contact
26COGNITIVE
- Fear of being judged or criticized
- Anxiety or fear of having attention put on you
- The belief that others see you as anxious, weak,
crazy or stupid - Fear of meeting strangers
- Fear of authority figures
27PERSONALITY TRAITS
- Low self-confidence and self-esteem
- Negative thought patterns
- Undeveloped social skills
28TREATMENTS
29MEDICINES
- Paroxetine
- Sertraline
- Fluvoxamine
- Fluoxetine
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30THERAPIES
- Two Types Group and Private
- By taking therapies the person will be able to
learn to face social situations and key ways on
how to stop avoiding them - Learn different exercises you can do to control
you symptoms
31ANALYZING NEGATIVE THOUGHTS
- A major symptom of someone with a social phobia
is having anxiety caused by negative thoughts - Individual has to ask themselves why they would
be so scared to do certain things
32AGORAPHOBIA
33AGORAPHOBIA
- Is the fear of being outside or being in a
situation, which one either cannot escape from,
or escaping would be difficult or humiliating.
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etyhelp.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/panic-agoraphobi
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55
34CHARACTERISTICS OF AGORAPHOBIA
35CHARACTERISTICS
- There are two characteristics that are associated
with this phobia - Anxiety it starts to develop for people with
agoraphobia when they start to think about being
in a situation out of their comfort zone. - Panic When people avoid these situations it
brings them to panic and anxiety.
36HOW AGORAPHOBIA IS DIAGONOSED
- A mental health professional diagnosis
agoraphobia by taking a personal history from the
client/patient. - No physical conditions that can be met to
determine if someone has agoraphobia.
37TREATMENT
- There are three ways Agoraphobia is treated1)
Therapy2) Medication3) Both therapy and
medication combined
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38SOURCES
- http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/social-anxiety
- http//apt.rcpsych.org/cgi/reprint/9/4/258.pdf
- http//www.mentalhealth.com/rx/p23-an03.html
- http//www.socialphobiaworld.com/social-phobia-sym
ptoms-16960/ - http//www.facebook.com/l.php?uhttp3A2F2Fhelpg
uide.org2Fmental2Fsocial_anxiety_support_symptom
_causes_treatment.htmh75c49CWs1Xv8IaAgvRAbjH835I
g - http//www.socialanxietysupport.com/disorder/
- http//kidshealth.org/teen/your_mind/mental_health
/social_phobia.html - http//www.socialphobia.org/whatis.htmlwhatis1
39- http//www.medicinenet.com/agoraphobia/article.htm
- http//www.athealth.com/Consumer/disorders/Agoraph
obia.html - http//www.books.google.ca2Fbooks3Fid3DsZQoPHyE
JoC26pg3DPA6526lpg3DPA6526dq3Dagoraphobia2B
rates2Bin2Bcanada26source3Dbl26ots3D2Jzq5pcz
C_26sig3DQhR66zC2c07gniHnGSmq5L8gEWQ26hl3Den2
6ei3DJ232TIeJHYWPnwfUrNmjCQ26sa3DX26oi3Dbook_
result26ct3Dresult26resnum3D826ved3D0CDgQ6AE
wBwh75c49V7W2i4SE6hpmyGWnr9VwhQ - http//www.videomd.com/Phobias-fv-2165.aspx
- http//anxiety.stjoes.ca/specificP.htm