Kidney%20Failure:%20Hemodialysis

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Kidney Failure Hemodialysis

• By Andrew McNaught

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Function of the Kidneys

• Regulate the composition of your blood
• Keep the volume of water in your body constant
• Remove wastes from your body (urea, ammonia,
  drugs, toxic substances)
• Keep the acid/base concentration of your blood
  constant
• Help regulate your blood pressure
• Stimulate the making of red blood cells
• Maintain your body's calcium levels
• Your kidneys filter all your blood (7-8 pints)
  once every hour

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Sources of kidney failure

• Alcohol/drug abuse
• Medications (anti-inflammatory drugs) that are
  toxic to the kidney (ex. Ibuprophen and naproxen)
• Abnormal blood flow to and from the kidneys
• Prostate cancer
• Tumors around the kidney
• Kidney stones
• Multiple myeloma cancer of blood plasma

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When the kidneys fail..

• High levels of acidity in the blood will alter
  enzyme and oxygen metabolism causing organ
  failure.
• The kidneys cannot address the rising acid load
  in the body, breathing becomes more rapid as the
  lungs try to buffer the acidity by blowing off
  carbon dioxide
• Rising urea levels in blood can affect many
  organs.
• General weakness due to anemia (low red blood
  cell count)

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Hemodialysis

• Inpatient or at home procedure that takes the
  blood and filters it through a machine
• People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) will
  usually use the at-home option
• To test for CKD, a patients blood is taken and if
  there are high levels of creatine, it shows that
  the kidney is failing.

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How hemodialysis works
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An inside look at hemodialysis
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Comparing hemodialysis to kidney
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At Home Hemodialysis Conventional Hemodialysis
Conventional HHD - done three times a week for four hours. It is like in-centre hemodialysis (IHD), but done at home. Short daily home hemodialysis (SDHHD) - done five to seven times a week for approximately two hours per session. Nocturnal home hemodialysis (NHHD) - done 3 to seven times per week at night. Conventional hemodialysis is done about three times a week. In this form of treatment, it takes 3-4 hours per session
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Side Effects/complications

• The initial insertion of the needle is painful to
  many but can be overcome by a numbing spray
• Removing too much fluid or fluid too fast can
  cause nausea, fatigue, low blood pressure, chest
  pains, leg cramps. (Wash out)
• Hemodialysis exposes the circulatory system so
  infections such as sepsis(infection of the heart
  valves) and osteomyelitis (infection of the
  bones).
• Heparin(anti coagulant) allergy

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AWAK
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AWAK

• Automated wearable artificial kidney
• Four cycles an hour and every 8 hours patients
  change the filter.
• Electrolytes and glucose are added
• 6 pounds
• FDA approved trials start in 2011
• -belt
• -batteries
• -sterilizing filter
• -pump
• -valves and tubing

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Works cited

• Renal Physician's Association Working Committee
  on Clinical Practice Guidelines Clinical
  Practice Guideline on Adequacy of Hemodialysis.
  Clinical Practice Guideline 1. December 1993,
  Renal Physician's Association, Washington DC
• Hakim RM, Stannard D, Port FK, Held PJ J Am Soc
  Nephrol 3351, 1994
• Blood Pressure Response during Hemodialysis
  The Effect of Amount of Replacement Fluid and
  Dialysate Temperature." Journal of the American
  Society of Nephrology. 1 Sept. 2001. Web. 10 Mar.
  2011.
• http//www.homedialysis.org/
• http//www.dialysisfilterfyi.com/dialysisfilterwor
  ks.html
• http//www.organdonor.gov/student/access/organs.as
  p
• http//www.google.com/imgres?qawakvest