QUALITY%20OF%20HALAL%20MEAT

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QUALITY OF HALAL MEAT

• Dr. Javaid Aziz Awan
• Country Director,
• Islamic Food and Nutrition Council of America,
• Faisalabad

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About IFANCA?Islamic Food and Nutrition Council
of America

• Not for Profit Technical Islamic Organization
• Supervising production of Halal foods
• Certifying halal products
• Finding solutions for new challenges
• Publishing relevant information
• Consulting Islamic scholars on issues facing
  Muslims in selecting food products.

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IFANCA Strategy

• IFANCA strives to satisfy
• Client Companies
• Halal Recognition Authorities
• Halal Consumers
• IFANCA - most knowledgeable organization in the
  field
• IFANCA - provides services second to none
• IFANCA - builds relationships with the client
  companies, halal recognition authorities and
  halal consumers.

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IFANCACrescent M Certification

• IFANCA certificates and certified products
  accepted world over
• IFANCA - recognized by organizations like
• MUIS Singapore
• JAKIM Malaysia
• MWL Saudi Arabia
• MUI Indonesia
• United Arab Emirates

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IFANCA Crescent M Certification

• Global Affiliations
• IFANCA provides Halal certification in over 55
  countries directly or through affiliates like
• IFCE, Europe
• AFIC, Australia
• NZIMM, New Zealand

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Some Ifanca Certified Companies in Pakistan

• AB Mauri Pakistan (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore
• English Biscuit Manufacturers (Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi
• Coronet Foods, Hattar
• Capital Food Industries, Hattar

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Some Ifanca Certified Companies in Pakistan

• Gaziani Industries (Pvt) Ltd. Karachi
• Nabeel Industries (Pvt) Ltd., Lahore
• Pakistan Gum Industries (Pvt)., Ltd. Karachi
• Pepsi-Cola International (Private) Ltd., Hattar
• Super Gum Industries Ltd. Karachi

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Some Ifanca Certified Companies in Pakistan

• National Foods, Karachi
• Nestle Pakistan, Lahore

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IFANCA Halal Certification Logos
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GUIDANCE FOR MUSLIMS

• Holy Quran and the Sunnah provide guidance and
  inspirations for life on Earth
• Food laws among guidelines
• Ensure foods Muslims eat have positive bearing on
  their health
• In fact the very first law to be passed on to
  Mankind was a food law

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VII19 Al-Araf
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THE FIRST DIVINE LAW

• The Holy Quran
• And unto man O Adam! Dwell thou and thy wife in
  the Garden and eat from whence ye will, but come
  not nigh this tree lest ye become wrong-doers
  VII-19 - Al-Araf

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THE LAST DIVINE LAW

• The last Divine law incidentally a food law
• Revealed during last pilgrimage of the Holy
  Prophet Muhammed (pbuh)
• They ask thee O Muhammed what is made lawful for
  them. Say all good things are made lawful for
  you V4 Al-Maidah
• Aim of Divine revelations
• Ensure man eats right type of food for his
  nourishment

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MEAT

• Meat indispensable for sound human health
• Provides several essential nutrients
• Proteins
• Amino acids
• Mineral elements
• Vitamins

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MEAT

• Meat subject to spoilage by
• Chemical reactions
• Biochemical reactions
• Biological agents, including bacteria
• Meat responsible for food-borne diseases
• Hence must be produced to
• Minimize chemical and biochemical changes
• Prevent chances of bacterial contamination and
  growth to preserve quality

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HALAL MEAT

• Slaughtering of animals and birds
• essential to prepare for food purposes
• Pre-slaughter management and bleeding methods
• regulated by legislations and religious
  practices
• Earliest recorded laws on handling, care and
  slaughter of animals
• Revelations in the Holy Quran and
• Ahadith by the Holy Prophet (pbuh)

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ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

• Islamic method of slaughtering - based on two
  important principles
• Tasmiya
• Tazkiyah
• Tasmiya - invoking name of Allah
• means slaughter being done with His permission
• This in accordance with several commands given in
  the Holy Quran

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V4 Al-Maidah
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ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

• Forbidden to you (for food,) are dead meat,
  blood, the flesh of swine, and that on which hath
  been invoked the name of other than God that
  which hath been killed by strangling, or by a
  violent blow, or by a head long fall, or by being
  gored to death that which hath been partly eaten
  by a wild animal, unless ye are able to slaughter
  it (in due form) .. (V4) Al-Maidah

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ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

• Tazkiyah means purification - cleaning meat of
  blood by slaughter
• Consumption of blood prohibited in Holy Quran -
  VI146
• All lawful animals and birds contain blood
• Blood must be drained as per these commands

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ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING

• The Holy Prophet (pbuh) gave comprehensive
  guidelines on slaughtering of animals in
  following Hadith
• Verily Allah, has prescribed proficiency in all
  things. Thus, if you kill, kill well and if you
  slaughter, slaughter well. Let each one of you
  sharpen his blade and let him spare suffering to
  the animal he slaughters.

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ESSENTIALS OF ISLAMIC METHOD OF SLAUGHTERING -
Slaughterer

• Must be adult Muslim or
• Must believe in Holy Scriptures
• Must be in possession of his mental faculties

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PRE-SLAUGHTER HANDLING OF ANIMALS - 1. Selection
of animals

• Islam strictly prohibits
• Pork
• Carrion
• Dead animals
• Carnivorous animals
• Birds of prey
• Amphibians
• Reptiles

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1. Selection of animals

• Islam permits
• All herbivorous, even-toed ruminants
• Animal meant for slaughtering be
• Healthy
• Free from any apparent or hidden
  impurities/diseases
• Must be legally owned.

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2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals

• Modern methods require animal prior to
  slaughtering not be subjected to
• Stress
• Fatigue
• Neurotic
• Excitement
• Rough handling of animals in pre-slaughter
  period
• Adversely affects meat quality
• Results in dark, firm and dry meat
• Fatigued or starved animals
• Organisms from gut may invade blood stream

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2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals

• Proper relaxation before slaughtering
• Helps animal to bleed well
• Builds up muscle glycogen to lower meat pH
• Increases storage life of meat by reducing
  chances of microbial growth
• Improves taste due to conditioning/ tenderness
• Helps delay or reduce fermentation in stomach -
  may otherwise give meat characteristic smell
  known as bone taint.

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2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals

• Undesirable - animal awaiting slaughter view
  slaughtering process cause stress
• Animals under stress - lead to undue emotional
  instability, fatigue, anorexia, etc.
• Discharge hormones from adrenal glands
• adrenaline from adrenal medulla
• 17 hydroxy- and 11-deoxycorticosterones from
  adrenal cortex
• Hormones deplete muscle glycogen and potassium
• Deleterious effects on meat quality
• Prevention - tranquilizers recommended to calm
  stocks in transit.

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2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals in Islam

• Islam promotes calm and rested animals prior to
  slaughtering
• Not fatigued
• Not excited
• Not nervous

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2. Pre-slaughter handling of animals

• Islam prohibits
• Any act that causes neurosis or excitement or
  other abnormal behavioural changes in animal
• Sharpening knife in front of slaying animals
• Practice of collective slaughtering - other
  animals viewing their companion being killed
• Research reveals
• Practices inhumane
• Cause stress

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3. Feeding the animals

• Two schools of thoughts
• Animal to remain hungry - Fasting
• Animal be well fed
• Advantages of fasted animals claimed
• Bleed better
• Carcass has brighter appearance
• Carcass easier to dress
• Reduced bulk of animals stomach
• Reduced chances of bacterial contamination from
  gut

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3. Feeding the animals

• Disadvantages of fasted animals
• Loss in weight of carcass
• Loss in weight of liver
• Lower glycogen reserves in muscles
• Reduced gustative quality of meat

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3. Feeding the animals

• Well-fed animals
• Glycogen level in muscle reaches higher level
• Ensures production of adequate lactic acid
• Lowers pH of meat
• Meat has good
• Appearance
• Taste
• Tenderness
• Longer shelf-life

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3. Feeding the animals

• Meat of soothed and well-fed animals
• pH attains 5.5 or even lower level
• Meat of fatigued or neurotic animals
• pH varies from 6.5 to 7.0
• Often recommended to feed animals prior to
  slaughtering - meat of good keeping and eating
  quality
• In some cases sugar solution fed to quickly
  restore glycogen level in tissues

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3. Feeding the animals in Islam

• Holy Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) advised that animals
  destined for slaughtering be
• well fed
• provided with drinking water
• Preferable - animals have free access to feed
  and water prior to slaughtering
• Result - good quality meat.

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE

• Conventionally, slaughtering process consists of
  two to three different stages
• Depends on religious practices and legislations
• Stunning
• Jews not in favour of stunning
• Muslims divided on the issue
• Western countries require stunned
• Bleeding method governed by religious and
  national legislations

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 1. Stunning

• Stunning widely practiced in Western abattoirs
• Main objective
• Make animal unconscious
• Make death gentle and painless
• No standard method for all animals under all
  conditions
• Stunning effective in having calm animal

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 1. Stunning

• Stunning - outcome of industrial revolution
• Maximum animals be slaughtered in least time
• Probably no relation with mercy on animals
• Industrial revolution
• Provided mankind with innumerable benefits
• Inflicted damaging blows on some aspects of human
  nutrition
• Example - refinement of wheat flour
• Stunning might turn out harmful

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

• Quick incision recommended using very sharp knife
  on front of the neck to severe
• Wind pipe
• Oesophagus
• Carotid arteries
• Jugular veins
• Positions for incision
• Hanging animal on its hind legs
• Laying on the ground

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

• To produce good carcass bleed animal
  effectively
• Heart and respiratory system must function
  continuously as long as possible after severance
• This attained when heart and respiratory
  functions retained by maintaining medulla
  oblongata/spinal cord
• Animals convulse

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE - Bleeding

• During convulsions blood squeezed out of vessels
• Hence more blood drains out - a pre-requisite for
  meat of superior quality
• Evidence suggests more blood lost from sheep in
  horizontal position than those hung vertically

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

• Blood excellent medium for growth of
  microorganisms
• Meat retaining more blood than critical level
  liable to bacterial spoilage
• Blood retention in tissues can cause unpleasant
  appearance and discolouration in meat
• Keeping and eating qualities of meat depends, in
  part, on removal of maximum blood from carcass

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Laying Animal for
Bleeding

• Lay animal (except camel) on its left flank,
  preferably facing Kibla
• Laying enables animal to convulse - results from
  contraction of muscles due to lack of oxygen in
  brain cells when incision made
• Ensures maximum blood drainage owing to body
  pressure on heart - outranks other slaughtering
  techniques
• Ensures rapid onset of unconsciousness and
  painless death
• Prevents retraction of carotids

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding

• While giving incisions with sharp knife
• Recite name of Allah
• Bismillah Allah-o-Akbar
• Allah-o-Akbar
• Subhan Allah
• La illaha illila
• Takbir - religious significance to believer
• makes submission to Allah, that life taken out
  of animal with His permission

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 3. Bleeding techniques

• Slaughtering actually done in the name of Allah
  and not in name of any person or deity in
  accordance with following commands
• So eat of (meats) on which Gods name has been
  pronounced if ye have faith in His Signs Vl118,
  Vl121 Al Anam

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding techniques

• Islamic method
• Use sharp knife or any sharp object for bleeding
  except finger nail and bone
• Incision made in neck
• Throat cut transversely to severe carotid
  arteries, jugular veins, oesophagus and trachea
  without injuring spinal cord
• Two essentials in slaughter of animals for meat
• animals be dispatched without unnecessary
  suffering
• bleeding be as complete as possible
• Both met in Islamic method of bleeding

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE Bleeding techniques

• When both carotid arteries severed
  unconsciousness in sheep induced between 3 to 6
  seconds
• Islamic method ensures maximum blood drainage
  from body before completion of death process
• Connection between brain and body retained via
  spinal cord
• Brain sends messages to heart and lungs
• Heart pumps blood to parts of body - drained out
  from severed blood vessels in neck

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SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURE 3. Bleeding techniques

• Results of a comparative study
• Maximum blood lost in Kosher method
• Jewish method similar to Islamic as regards
  physical details
• Minimum when chicken simply beheaded

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Conclusion

• Islamic method ensures
• Minimum suffering to animal
• Maximum bleeding
• Lower pH of meat
• Better meat quality

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ANIMAL RIGHTS

• Islam recognized animal rights long before
  recognition of human rights in Western World
• Numerous Ahadith reflect Islam advocates
  kindness and mercy towards animals
• Nourish animals well
• Save animals from hunger and thirst
• Show kindness to animals
• Do not hit or mark animal on its face
• Do not shoot arrows at cattle or bird tied or
  held up
• Do not fight animals for sports or recreation
• Do not unjustly kill even a sparrow or smaller
  bird (other than for food)

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• Thank You