Miocene%20Hominoids

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Miocene Hominoids
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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Miocene Hominoids
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• 3. True apes that brachiated probably
• originated in the Early Miocene
• ca. 20 17 mya

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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Only after the evolution of arboreal suspension
  . . . would the modern meaning of the term ape
  have been applicable.

Campbell-Loy, p. 195
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Times to Remember WebPage
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Apes
• flourished in the
• later part of the Miocene
• ca. 15 5 mya

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 103
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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Well represented in the fossil record by such
  forms as
• Sivapithecus . . .
• Ramapithecus
• Kenyapithecus
• Ouranopithecus
• Dryopithecus
• Proconsul
• Oreopithecus
• Gigantopithecus

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General Features / Trends of Apes / Humans

• Rudapithecus
• Pasalar
• Nyanzapithecus
• Afropithecus
• Turkanopithecus
• Rangwapithecus
• and others

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Miocene hominoid distribution, from fossils thus
far discovered
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
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Proconsul africanus (from early Miocene)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 197
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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
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Proconsul
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Proconsul
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Proconsul
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Proconsul
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Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids

• Proconsul
• (Miocene dental ape)
• Oreopithecus

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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
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Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
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Oreopithecus (Miocene Ape)
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 187
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Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids

• Proconsul
• (Miocene dental ape)
• Oreopithecus
• Pliopithecus

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Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 41
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Primates des Faluns de Touraine
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Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids

• Proconsul
• (Miocene dental ape)
• Oreopithecus
• Pliopithecus
• Dryopithecus

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
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Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
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Prehistoric Primates

• Dryopithecus Y
• Y 5

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Y-5 and -4 patterns
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Y-5 patterns
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Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids

• Proconsul
• (Miocene dental ape)
• Oreopithecus
• Pliopithecus
• Dryopithecus
• Sivapithecus

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Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 196
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Prehistoric Primates
Species
Genus

• Sivapithecus

• Ramapithecus
• Kenyapithecus
• Ouranopithecus

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Times to Remember WebPage
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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
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Modern chimpanzee Sivapithecus
Orangutan
ca. 8 mya
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 198
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Sivapithecus
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Sivapithecus
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Prehistoric Primates
Species
Genus

• Sivapithecus

• ramapithecus

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Early Man, Time-Life (1973), p. 42
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Ramapithecines
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Prehistoric Cultures
Diet classifications

• insectivorous (insects)
• herbivorous (plants)
• frugivorous (fruits)
• graminivorous (grasses)

• carnivorous (chiefly meats)
• omnivorous (all of the above)

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Prehistoric Hominoidea
Miocene hominoids

• Proconsul
• (Miocene dental ape)
• Oreopithecus
• Pliopithecus
• Dryopithecus
• Sivapithecus
• Gigantopithecus

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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 185
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Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 188
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Next The Great Apes
PongidsThe Great Apes
Understanding Physical Anthropology and
Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123