MDG 7: Environmental Sustainability Water and Sanitation

1
MDG 7 Environmental Sustainability (Water and
Sanitation)

• Eduardo P. Banzon, MD, MSc
• Senior Health Specialist, World Bank

2
UNITED NATIONSMILLENNIUM DECLARATION

• 19. We resolve further
• To halve, by the year 2015, the proportion
  of people who are unable to reach or to afford
  safe drinking water
• By 2020, to have achieved a significant
  improvement in the lives of at least 100 million
  slum dwellers as proposed in the "Cities Without
  Slums" initiative
• 8th plenary meeting8 September 2000

3

• MDG 7 (ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY)
• Target 10
• Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without
  sustainable access to safe drinking-water (and
  sanitation)
• Target 11
• By 2020 to have achieved a significant
  improvement in the lives of at least 100 million
  slum dwellers

4

• MDG 7 (ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY)
• INDICATOR 30
• Proportion of population with sustainable access
  to an improved water source, urban and rural
• INDICATOR 31
• Proportion of population with access to improved
  sanitation, urban and rural

5

• MDG 7 (ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY)
• INDICATOR 30 (improved water source)
• 1990 (73.0)
• 2004 (80.2)
• 2015 target (86.5)
• INDICATOR 31 (improved sanitation)
• 1990 (67.6)
• 2004 (86.2)
• 2015 target (83.8)

Source NSCB MDG watch
Annual Poverty Indicators Survey
6
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program

• Based on NDHS and UNICEFs MICS
• Different 2015 target (79) to NSCBs MDG target
  (83.8)
• 2004 JMP numbers (72) differ from 2004 NSCB
  data (86.2)

7
FSHIS
8

• Household wealth index comparison

Annual Poverty Indicators Survey
9
WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program

• Urban and Rural comparison on ACCESS to SANITATION

• ACCESS to WATER
• RURAL ? 82
• URBAN ? 87

10
FSHIS
11
NOT ENOUGH !
Access to sanitation 72-86
Access to water 80-85
Possibly, Households in socio-economic class A to
C in urban areas in NCR and region 3 have
highest access
12
Not DOH alone!

• Multisectoral cooperation key to improving access
  to water and sanitation services
• DoH, LUWA, DPWH, DENR, LGUs, DepEd
• Private sector
• Civil society
• Public
• Behavioral change
• Hand-washing
• Willingness to pay user fees

13
(No Transcript)
14
Poor Access to Water and Sanitation
? Waterborne Diseases

• Access to water and sanitation is still below
  national targets
• Population growth outpaces rate of improvement
• Pockets of low access to safe water and
  sanitation persist
• In areas where access is present, quality of
  water and sewerage services is inadequate

15
Pockets of low access to safe water and
sanitation persist
Note The data is for 2000. Source of basic data
Philippine Statistical Yearbook 2006
16
FSHIS
17
FSHIS
18
In areas where access is present, quality of
water may be poor

• Although data show fairly high formal water
  supply access rates
• less than half of the population and only about
  20 of the rural population have access to piped
  water supply and household connections
• And where there is access to piped services
• quality of such services in terms of continuity
  and bacteriological quality of drinking water
  often does not meet standards

19

• Traditional water sources such as wells, ponds,
  rivers, and springs for drinking water
• decreased from 62 (1993) to 40 (2003)
• Piped household connections
• increased from 26 (1993) to 40 (2003)
• 58 (urban) and 23 (rural)
• leads to increased water available for hygiene
  purposes
• Surveys show people with house connections use
  150 liters of water per day
• 2x to 3x higher than those using other sources
• Estimated optimal health benefits can be achieved
  using 100 liters of water per day combined with
  good hand washing habits

Source  Philippine Environment Monitor 2006
20

• Increasing reliance on water vendors
• 12 of the urban population in urban areas
• Irregular monitoring of water refilling stations
  and bottled water
• Unsafe water quality is common
• Studies of groundwater quality found that 58
  percent of sampled groundwater tested positive
  for coliform bacteria
• Surveys of LGUs indicate that one half or more of
  their public water systems do not meet drinking
  water quality standards

compiled from WB feasibility studies LGU WSP
21
In areas where access is present, quality of
sewerage services is inadequate

• 4 of the population nationwide had access to
  sewerage connection
• vast majority of households utilizes septic tanks
• only about 3 (mostly rural) had acceptable
  on-site treatment and disposal

Source  Philippine Environment Monitor 2006
22
(No Transcript)
23
Heath-related costs from poor sanitation (US 1
billion/ year) 91 is due to pre-mature death
Economic Burden of Poor Sanitation WB-WSP USAID
24
Poor Access to Water and Sanitation due to

• Inadequate investment in safe water and sewerage
  services
• Weak regulatory environment
• National framework needs to be fully
  operationalized
• Clean Water Act of 2004
• Philippine National Environmental Health Action
  Plan (NEHAP)

25
FULFILLING MD7 NEEDS MONEY

• Capital expenditures for water and sanitation
  sector have fluctuated at around P3 billion4
  billion a year
• almost entirely allocated to water.
• Compared to estimated needed investment for water
  supply of around P6 billion7 billion a year to
  achieve MDG 7 goal of 90 access rate
• Implementing the provisions of the Clean Water
  Act will require additional annual expenditures
  of an estimated P35 billion

26
GENERATING INVESTMENTS from LGUs, PRIVATE SECTOR,
etc.
27
Build up DoHs regulatory capacity

• CODE of SANITATION (PD 79 )
• Chapter II, Section 9 (Water Supply)
• PHILIPPINE NATIONAL STANDARDS for DRINKING WATER
  (AO 12 s. 2007)

28
(No Transcript)
29
(No Transcript)
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Clean Water Act

• consolidates the different fragmented laws on
  water resources management and sanitation
• provides fiscal and non-fiscal incentives to
  establishments that put up industrial wastewater
  treatment and/or adopt water pollution control
  technology, cleaner production and waste
  minimization
• mandates government financial institutions to
  accord high priority to extend financial services
  to water districts, LGUs and private companies
  engaged in sewerage services

34
National Environmental Health Action Plan

• aims to foster better collaboration of different
  stakeholders and allow participation of the
  public in decision-making
• implemented by different agencies (DOH, DENR,
  DILG, DPWH, DOST, DA, etc.) with environmental
  health-related activities coordinated through the
  Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health
  (IACEH)

35
Guide to DoH Actions

• Promote private sector participation
• Focus limited government funds to critical areas
• Generate concerted and coordinated response among
  key stakeholders
• Link incentive systems to performance benchmarks

36
DoH Actions

• Promote hygiene ( particularly hand washing and
  clean toilets), family planning and breastfeeding
  
• link with the womens health and safe motherhood
  strategy and child health interventions
• Launch CLEANEST TOILETS competition among DoH
  hospitals

37
DoH Actions

• Facilitate increased investments in safe water
  and sanitation
• Leverage ongoing Local Health System grants and
  Performance-based Public Health grants
• Increase LGU investments including accessing all
  types of financing
• Work within the PIPH LGU scorecards frameworks

38
DoH Actions
DoH Actions

• Improve the National Standards for Drinking Water
  with focus on how to ensure compliance and the
  accompanying compliance monitoring mechanisms
• How realistic are the required tests
• Focus on critical areas
• Build on existing partnerships with private
  sector
• Clarify role of B FAD

39
DoH Actions
DoH Actions

• Provide technical assistance and capacity to LGUs
  and evenlocal water systems to
• Strengthen water testing and compliance
  monitoring
• Conduct surveillance, outbreak management and
  containment in coordination with DoH

40
DoH Actions
DoH Actions

• Generate/ conduct/ finance the conduct of
  studies
• Provide up to date technical advice
• of the health effects of water contamination,
  poor sanitation and other environmental health
  concerns
• CHAMPION of EVIDENCE-BASED DECISION-MAKING on
  WATER and SANITATION