Water Services Trust Fund

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Water Services Trust Fund
Up-scaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor
Programme (UBSUP)
Eng. Jacqueline Musyoki CHIEF EXECUTIVE
OFFICER Water Services Trust Fund
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Overview of Presentation
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Sanitation situation
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Sanitation situation..
Urban sanitation coverage figures
No. Facility use
1. Traditional Pit Latrine 42.17
2. Improved Pit Latrine 18.37
3. Pour Flush Toilets 12.43
4. Toilet Linked to Septic Tank 7.80
5. Toilet Linked to Sewer 6.94
6. Public (Fee Paying) Facility 4.04
7. Other Sanitation Facility 3.85
8. Ventilated Improve Pit Latrine 2.29
9. OD 1.53
10. Flying Toilets 0.39
11. Others (Biogas, UDT, Open Discharge 0.18
Percentage of households with specific sanitation
practice in Kenyas urban LIAs (Source MajiData)
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Sanitation challenges

• Low access to sanitation at the household/plot
  levels
• Limited network of sewer systems (settlement
  town level)
• Few WSPs with functioning wastewater treatment
  plants
• Poor designs of affordable and sustainable
  sanitation solutions for the poor
• Lack of water to improve hygiene
• Poor sanitation monitoring and tracking for
  reporting
• Over-expectation that waterborne solutions will
  be implemented in urban low income areas
• Non-prioritization of urban low income areas

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WSTFs Interventions

• Designing public sanitation concept
• Construction of public sanitation facilities in
  market places and bus parks
• Sewer line extension in low income urban areas
• Impact so far
• Total of 13 public sanitation facilities
  constructed
• 10,400 beneficiaries
• Total of about 9km of sewer line extended
• 30,400 expected total beneficiaries

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Need for Up-Scaling

• Up-scaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor
  (UBSUP) is a 5-year joint project of WSTF and GIZ
  jointly financed by KfW and BMGF
• Highlights
• Improve the living conditions of the urban poor
• Enable the residents to practice sound hygiene
  practices
• Targets the population of the urban low income
  areas in Kenya with dire need of sanitation
  intervention
• Develop standards for replication
• Embedded on UPC structures
• Elaborate on an up-scaling concept

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UBSUP Programme..

• Objectives
• Provide sustainable sanitation for 800,000 and
  reach 200,000 with safe water
• Establish a monitoring system for tracking access
  to safe water basic sanitation facilities
• Enhance active participation in the provision of
  basic sanitation to the urban by other
  stakeholders
• Develop a sanitation up-scaling concept in line
  with the sector reforms

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Sanitation value chain
UBSUP approach

• Sanitation subsidy approach
• Performance (output) based approach /result based
  financing
• Principle of full sanitation value chain
• Specifically targets the population of the urban
  low income areas in Kenya

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UBSUP approach..

• Management and Operation of decentralized
  treatment facilities
• Done by Water Service Providers (lease
  agreements) under regulation
• Assets to be owned by WSPs on behalf of the
  county governments
• Exhauster Operators
• WSPs (under regulation)
• Private operators (all to be brought under
  regulation)/Reduce required permits
• Avail more short distance sludge disposal points
  at DTF

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UBSUP approach..

• 3. Manual/Mechanical sludge emptiers
• Provide private services
• Shall be trained, equipped and brought under
  regulation
• Stop rampant dumping in water surfaces and
  environment
• Avail sludge disposal points at DTF
• 4. Trained Artisans/small scale Entrepreneurs
• Provide construction mad maintenance services
• 5. Private Sector Manufacturing sanitation
  components

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Key Considerations and programme approaches

• Targeting households and plots
• Customer aided design (affordable and easy to
  construct)
• Emphasis on on-site sanitation options
• Financing through Water Service Providers
• Sound marketing of sanitation to create demand
• Subsidized construction of the facilities
• Sustainable sludge management
• Targeting planned urban low income areas
• Promotion of reuse of treated waste

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Key considerations and programme approaches..
Minimum standards and service levels

• The Water Sector Sanitation Concept-WSSC 2009
• Safe sanitation shall fulfill the requirements of
  the human rights to sanitation and shall only be
  counted as sustainable access to safe sanitation
  if safe disposal of effluent and excreta is
  guaranteed
• Human rights criteria (safe to access and use,
  physically accessible, affordable for the users,
  culturally acceptable)
• National Environmental Sanitation and Hygiene
  Policy of 2007
• Protecting the environment from pollution and
  negative effects on human health
• Identifying appropriate technologies

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Key considerations and programme approaches..
Minimum standards and service levels..

• 3. UBSUP Studies
• Result of study conducted in low income areas
  (LIAs) of 11 towns
• Analysis of the current sanitation practices in
  Kenya
• Feedback from the users

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Key considerations and programme approaches..
Target groups

• Those with poor sanitation facilities
• Develop appropriate safe sanitation
• facilities (dry and water based)
• Develop appropriate corresponding sludge
• management facilities
• Establish appropriate corresponding sanitation
  service delivery chain

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Key considerations and programme approaches..
Target groups..

• 2. Those with poor sanitation facilities
• Develop appropriate safe sanitation
• facilities (dry and water based)
• Develop appropriate corresponding sludge
• management facilities
• Establish appropriate corresponding sanitation
  service delivery chain

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Adapted Technical Options
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Service Delivery

• Management and Operation of decentralized
  treatment facilities
• Done by Water Service Providers (lease
  agreements) under regulation
• Assets to be owned by WSPs on behalf of the
  county governments
• Exhauster Operators
• WSPs (under regulation)
• Private operators (all to be brought under
  regulation)/Reduce required permits
• Avail more short distance sludge disposal points
  at DTF

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Service Delivery..

• 3. Manual/Mechanical sludge emptiers
• Provide private services
• Shall be trained, equipped and brought under
  regulation
• Stop rampant dumping in water surfaces and
  environment
• Avail sludge disposal points at DTF
• 4. Trained Artisans/small scale Entrepreneurs
• Provide construction mad maintenance services
• 5. Private Sector Manufacturing sanitation
  components

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Sanitation social marketing

• Systematic data collection and analysis to
  develop appropriate marketing strategies with
  changing times and circumstances
• Making toilet designs , emptying services and
  promoting behaviors that fit the felt needs of
  the consumers/users
• Strategic approach to promoting improved
  sanitation, emptying services, and good hand
  washing behaviors
• Methods for effective distribution of SafiSan
  toilets so that when demand is created at area,
  town level, consumers know where and how to get
  the products, services, or behaviors

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Sanitation social marketing

• Improving the adoption of improved sanitation,
  emptying services, or behaviors and increasing
  the willingness of consumers/users to contribute
  something in exchange for improved sanitation
• Cost effective Pricing so that the product or
  service is affordable

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UBSUP Funding
What does WSTF fund?

• Awareness programme
• Social marketing programme materials including
  social animators
• Training of manual emptiers exhausters
• Demonstration plot level toilets
• Construction of DEWATS drying beds
• Demonstration fields for use of soil conditioner

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UBSUP Funding..

• Training of DEWATS operators
• DEWATS operation package
• Branding certification of WSP infrastructure
  operators/emptiers
• Subsidies for toilets
• What does wstf not fund?
• Acquisition of sites (DEWATS, drying beds)
• Operation of decentralized treatment facilities

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WSTF Challenges

• Sanitation not always a priority for households
  or for government officials
• Institutional transformation weak
• Lack of awareness of the real and perceived
  difficulties
• Lack of attention to O M of critical sanitation
  options like dry onsite sanitation options
• Regulatory framework is weak, does not encourage
  and support private initiatives in the provision
  of sanitation services
• Informal areas growing faster than sanitation
  service provision and available solutions

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WSTF Challenges..

• Land issues as the poor and informal communities
• Development of sound and sustainable up-scaling
  concepts usually takes time
• Limited technical options for varying sanitation
  needs and user preferences
• Lack of clear incentives to the WSPs to motivate
  them into supporting the programme (most WSPs
  prefer sewerage to on-site sanitation)
• Sanitation has low priority among the low income
  population delaying roll out
• Existing policies on sanitation

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UBSUP budget and timeline
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Opportunity for WSTFs vision for future

• The project is set within the broader context of
  Ministries national specific objectives and
  strategy
• Constitution considers adequate sanitation to be
  a human right
• Alignment to devolution
• Opportunity to contribute to sanitation target in
  the MDGs To halve the proportion of people
  without access to basic sanitation by 2015
• Development of adaptable technologies
• Contribution to the standardisation of on-site
  sanitation
• Contribution to Vision 2030

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THANK YOU!!!