ANESTHETIC MACHINES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT

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ANESTHETIC MACHINES AND RELATED EQUIPMENT
Dr. Glenn Pettifer Room 1831 email
gpettifer_at_mail.vetmed.lsu.edu
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REFERENCES

• Lumb Jones Chapter 14, pages 366-408
• Handouts

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OBJECTIVES

• Become familiar with the basic design of an
  anesthetic machine
• Become familiar with the design and functioning
  of anesthetic vaporizers.
• Become familiar with the design and functioning
  of the more commonly used breathing circuits

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CONSIDERATIONS

• ANESTHETIC CONCENTRATION CONTROL
• BUILD UP OF CARBON DIOXIDE
• CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN
• ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
• SIZE
• AIRWAY CONTROL

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VAPORIZER Function

• to provide a means for anesthetic vapor to be
  combined with the carrier gas in a controlled
  manner.

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VAPORIZER CLASSIFICATION

• OUTPUT REGULATION
• VARIABLE BYPASS VS. MEASURED FLOW

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VARIABLE BYPASS
Patient
Flowmeter
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Patient
Flowmeter
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Patient
Flowmeter
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MEASURED FLOW
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PRECISION VS. NON-PRECISION
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PRECISION VAPORIZER
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PRECISION VAPORIZER

• FLOW COMPENSATED
• TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED
• HIGH RESISTANCE
• KNOWN CONCENTRATION
• AGENT SPECIFIC

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NON-PRECISION VAPORIZER
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NON-PRECISION

• NO TEMPERATURE OR FLOW COMPENSATION
• NOT AGENT SPECIFIC
• PRECISE CONCENTRATION NOT KNOWN

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CARRIER GASES

• Oxygen
• Nitrous Oxide
• supplied in cylinders as a gas (oxygen) or liquid
  (nitrous oxide) under pressure

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CYLINDER IDENTIFICATION

• Color
• Oxygen Green (US) or White (everywhere else)
• Nitrous oxide Blue

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CYLINDER IDENTIFICATION

• Labels

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CYLINDER IDENTIFCATION

• PIN Index Safety System

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CYLINDERSIZES

• E Tanks

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• H tanks
• Bulk Tanks

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PIPELINES
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PIPELINE CONNECTION
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PRESSURE GAUGE
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CALCULATING VOLUMES

• H tanks 7000 litres at 2000 psi
• E tanks 700 litres at 2000 psi
• QUESTION?
• HOW MANY LITRES IN AN E TANK READING 750 PSI?

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A dog is connected to an anesthetic machine with
the oxygen flow rate set at 2 litres per minute.
Prior to moving the dog to the radiology room (no
overhead oxygen) you notice that the pressure
gauge reads 250 psi. How many minutes can this
dog be maintained at this flow rate?
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PRESSURE REGULATOR
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FLOWMETERS
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FRESH GAS PORT
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OXYGEN FLUSH VALVE

• BYPASSES VAPORIZER
• DELIVERS LARGE VOLUMES OF OXYGEN TO BREATHING
  CIRCUIT
• IS UNDER HIGH(ER) PRESSURE - CAUTION!!!

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OXYGEN FLUSH VALVE
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OXYGEN FLUSH VALVE
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CONSIDERATIONS

• ANESTHETIC CONCENTRATION CONTROL
• CONSUMPTION OF OXYGEN
• BUILD UP OF CARBON DIOXIDE
• ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION
• SIZE
• AIRWAY CONTROL