Development of a Mica2 Mote Sensor Network

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Development of a Mica2 Mote Sensor Network

• Cliff Macklin
• Bill Ehrbar
• December 8, 2004

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Introduction

• nesC
• TinyOS
• Hardware
• Applications
• Architecture Building Blocks
• Blink Application Architecture
• Overview

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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nesC

• Event Driven Language
• Separation of construction and composition
• Specification of component behavior in terms of
  set of interfaces which are bidirectional
• Components are statically linked to each other
  via their interfaces

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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TinyOS

• Designed for sensor networks that have very
  limited resources
• Allows for concurrency management
• TinyOS executes only one program consisting of
  selected system components and custom components
  needed for a single application

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Hardware

• Our research used the following components
• MIB510 Programming Bd.
• MPR400CB Sensor Bd.
• MTS300 Sensor

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Hardware Continued

• 422 Mhz processor
• 512 KB of memory
• Sensor contained Buzzer, Light, Microphone,
  Magnetometer, and Thermistor

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Applications for a Sensor Network

• Means of providing critical information in
  disaster environments
• Light, temperature, and soil conditions within a
  green house
• Frost detection and warning
• Indoor comfort monitoring, including HVAC tune-up
• Security applications

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Application SW Architecture

• Modular Approach
• Somewhat Object Oriented
• Object abstraction
• Layered inheritance approach
• Similar to an HDL in structure (VHDL, Verilog,
  etc.)
• Wired interfaces
• Bi-directional interfaces

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Application Building Blocks

• Interface Description (Module Configuration
  files)
• Sample configuration file
• configuration Blink
• implementation
• components Main, BlinkM, SingleTimer, LedsC
• Main.StdControl -gt SingleTimer.StdControl
• Main.StdControl -gt BlinkM.StdControl
• BlinkM.Timer -gt SingleTimer.Timer
• BlinkM.Leds -gt LedsC
• Implementation (Module files)

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Application Building Blocks

• Sample module file
• module BlinkM
• provides
• interface StdControl
• uses
• interface Timer
• interface Leds
• implementation
• /ACTUAL INSTRUCTIONS HERE /

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Application Building Blocks

• Sample module file implementation excerpt
• / Initialize the component. /
• command result_t StdControl.init()
• call Leds.init()
• return SUCCESS
• / Start things up. This just sets the rate for
  the clock component. /
• command result_t StdControl.start()
• // Start a repeating timer that fires every
  1000ms
• return call Timer.start(TIMER_REPEAT, 1000)
  
• / Toggle the red LED in response to the
  ltcodegtTimer.firedlt/codegt event. /
• event result_t Timer.fired()
• call Leds.redToggle()
• return SUCCESS

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Blink Application Architecture
University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Wireless Applications Overview

• Active Messaging Model
• Simple message structure
• Assigned handler by message ID
• Handled completely by handler
• Zero Copy Stack for memory and speed efficiency
• Range limitations can be overcome with multi-hop
  configuration

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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Sensor Network Limitations

• Power Management
• Memory Limitations
• Mote Failure and Run-Time Errors
• Security

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs
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References

• D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer. nesC 1.1
  Language Referrence Manual, May 2005.
  http//www.tinyos.net/tingos-1.x/doc/nesc/ref.pdf.
  20 Nov. 04.
• TinyOS Tutorial, September 2003.
  http//www.tinyos.net/tinyos-1.x/doc/tutorial. 15
  Nov. 04.
• D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer, R. von
  Behren, M. Welsh. The nesC Language A Holistic
  Approach to Networked Embedded Systems, June
  2003. http//nescc.sourceforge.net/papers/nesc-pld
  i-2003.pdf. 27 Nov. 04.
• C. Chow and G. Godavari. First Response Sensor
  Network (FRNS) Final Report for NISSC Fall 2003
  Project.
• P. Buonadonna, J. Hill, D. Culler. Active Message
  Communication for Tiny Networked Sensors.
• MPR Mote Processor Readio Board MIB Mote
  Interface/Programming Board Users Manual. 2004.
  http//www.xbow.com. 15 Nov. 04.
• Wireless Systems for Environmental Monitoring.
  http//www.xbow.com. 1 Dec. 04.
• Product Info Guide. http//www.xbow.com. 1 Dec.
  04.
• Edward Chow. Class Lecture, 22 Nov. 04.

University of Colorado, Colorado Springs