PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS

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PRINCIPAL PARTS OF VERBS

• PRESENT
• PRESENT PARTICIPLE
• PAST
• PAST PARTICIPLE

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PRESENT
(base form) TALK BE
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PRESENT PARTICIPLE
talking being
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PAST
talked was/were
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PAST PARTICIPLE
has/have talked has/have been
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REGULAR VERBS
Regular verbs form the past and past participle
by adding ed or d to the present or base form.
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IRREGULAR VERBS
Irregular verbs form the past and past participle
in some other way than adding ed or d to the
present form. (See handouts.)
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VERB TENSE

• TENSETIME
• All tenses are formed from the principle parts of
  verbs.

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PRESENT TENSE
This tense expresses action (or state of being)
that is taking place at the current time. EX
This car rides smoothly.
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PRESENT TENSE (continued)
This tense also expresses habitual action or
general truths. EX I leave my house every
morning at 630.
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PRESENT TENSE (continued)
Historical Present is used to express a past
action to make that action seem more immediate or
to give the event more impact. EX Paul Revere
jumps on his horse and rides through town.
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The present tense is formed by using the present
or base form. An s may be added to the base
form to make the verb agree with its
subject.EX They ride with me.He rides with
her.
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PAST TENSE
This tense is used to express action (or state of
being) that occurred at a definite time in the
past. (hint Look for words such as yesterday,
last week, or a year ago.) EX I made an
important decision yesterday.
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The past tense is formed by using the past
form.EX He rode with her.They wished me a
happy birthday.
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FUTURE TENSE
This tense is used to express action (or state of
being) that will take place in the future. EX
I will call you when I know if I will go.
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The future tense is formed by adding will or
shall to the present (base) form.EX I will
ride with you tomorrow.They shall ride with
their parents.
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
This tense expresses action or state of being
that was completed at some indefinite time in the
past. EX Sally has written two very good short
stories.
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (continued)
This tense also expresses action that started in
the past and continues now. EX Our neighbors
have lived there since we bought our house.
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PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (continued) This tense is
formed by adding has or have to the past
participle.EX He has ridden with me in the
past.They have ridden with me every day this
year.
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PAST PERFECT TENSE
The past perfect tense expresses action (or state
of being) that occurred BEFORE some other past
event. EX The day after I had applied for the
job, I began working.
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PAST PERFECT TENSE (continued)
The past perfect is formed by adding had to the
past participle. EX Before I left for Europe, I
had purchased a few travelers checks.
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FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
This tense expresses action (or state of being)
that will occur in the future BEFORE another
future event will occur. EX By the end of next
year, I will have taught for 19 years.
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FUTURE PERFECT TENSE (continued)
The future perfect tense is formed by adding will
have or shall have to the past participle. EX I
will have known him for twenty-three years by
this Christmas.
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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to show that an action is
continuing at the present time. EX I am taking
notes.
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PRESENT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is formed by adding the present tense
of the be verb (is, are, or am) to the present
participle. EX He is driving, and they are
riding along.
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PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to express an action that was
continuing in the past. EX I was riding to
school each day on the bus.
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PAST PROGRESSIVE TENSE
The past progressive is formed by adding the past
tense of the be verb (was or were) to the present
participle. EX They were practicing for the
competition.
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FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to show that an action will be
continuing in the future. EX John will be
working in the summer.
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FUTURE PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is formed by adding the future tense
of the be verb (will/shall be) to the present
participle. EX We will be visiting with family
next week.
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PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to express an action that has
been continuing before now. EX Amy has been
driving for two years now.
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PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is formed by adding the present tense
of have (has or have) and the past participle of
be (been) to the present participle of the main
verb.
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EX I have been working hard on this project for
a long time.
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PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to express an action that had
been continuing BEFORE another past event. EX
The dog had been barking for several minutes
before I got out of bed to see what was wrong.
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PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is formed by adding the past tense of
have (had) and the past participle of be (been)
to the present participle of the main verb.
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EX I had been wishing for a large glass of ice
water when I discovered the lemonade in the
refrigerator.
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FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is used to show that an event will
have been continuing BEFORE another future event
will occur. EX I will have been jogging for
an hour by the time I get home.
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FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSE
This tense is formed by adding the future tense
of have (will/shall have) and the past participle
of be (been) to the present participle of the
main verb.
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EX By next month she will have been working
there for twenty-five years.
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EMPHATIC FORMS-SHOW EMPHASIS-FORM QUESTIONS
-ARE USED WITH NOT
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PRESENT EMPHATIC
It is formed by adding the present tense of the
verb do (does or do) to the present tense of the
main verb. EX He does exercise daily.
Does he exercise daily? He does not
exercise.
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PAST EMPHATIC
It is formed by adding the past tense of the do
verb (did) to the present tense of the main
verb. EX I did give my book report. Did
you give a book report? I did not give a
book report.
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VOICE Only action verbs have voice. There are
two voices in the English language.
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ACTIVE VOICE The active voice indicates that the
subject is performing the action of the verb.
Active voice verbs may have direct objects.
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EX The referee called a strike. EX Marie
sent the letter by express mail.
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PASSIVE VOICE The passive voice indicates that
the action of the verb is being performed upon
the subject. It will NOT have a direct object.
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EX A strike was called by the referee. EX. A
letter was sent by express mail.
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Notice that verbs in the passive voice are formed
with verbs that are formed by using some form of
the be verb plus the past participle.
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Notice that when a verb is change from the active
voice to the passive voice the subject may become
an object of a preposition, and the direct object
becomes the subject.