Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants In the Army OnGoing Projects

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Petroleum, Oils and Lubricants In the
ArmyOn-Going Projects

• Luis A. Villahermosa
• Team Leader, Fuels and Lubricants Technology Team
• Petroleum and Water Business Area
• Development Group, US Army TACOM
• [phone]
• villahel_at_tacom.army.mil

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Outline

• Organization
• Projects
• Biodegradable Grease
• Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluid
• STO - Advanced Fuels and Lubricants
• Alternative Fuels
• Waste oil Reutilization
• STO - POL Condition Monitoring
• Some Past Projects

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Organization
AssociateDirector
Petroleumand WaterQuality
Water andWastewaterTreatment
Tom Bagwell
Steve Moyer
Bob Shalewitz
Fueland WaterHandling
1500 GPH TWPS
LOCATION Warren, MI STRENGTH 48 Government
Drew Downing
Fred Balling
InlandPetroleumDistributionSystem
Fuelsand Lubricants
Chitta Das
Luis Villahermosa
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Organization Focus
WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY
FUEL AND WATER HANDLING
WASTEWATER TECHNOLOGY
FUEL AND WATER HANDLING
WATER TREATMENT
WATER TREATMENT

• Membranes and Elements
• Pre-Treatment
• Post-Treatment
• New Technology

• NBC Contamination
• Recycle/Reuse
• Hospital Waste

• Storage and Distribution
• Pumps
• Fabric Tanks
• Nozzles
• Refueling
• Hoseline
• Pipelines

PETROLEUM AND WATER QUALITY
PETROLEUM AND WATER QUALITY
FUELS AND LUBRICANTS
FUELS AND LUBRICANTS

• Environmentally-Friendly,
  Biodegradable Products
• All powertrain products
• Hydraulic Fluids
• Engine Oils Gear Lubricants
• Greases
• Lubricants, Solid Film, General Purpose
• Coolants,
• Support Contract With SWRI

• Test Kits
• Mobile Labs
• Analysis/Surveillance
• Health Standards
• Filter Separation

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POL Projects
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Biodegradable Grease

• Current GAA
• 95 synthetic - around 5 from diluent oil in
  additives
• Excellent high and low temperature properties.
• 100hrs bearing test is required.
• OEMs indicated this is equivalent to 100K miles
  operation
• No biodegradable or toxicity requirement
• Other than standard carcinogenicity statement
• Biodegradable Grease.
• Same performance as current GAA
• 100 synthetic
• Biodegradability requirement. Using ASTM D 5864

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Biodegradable Grease

• Completed the development of target requirements
  of BLG
• Developed formulation guideline for BLG
• Formulated and evaluated BLG product
• Conducted field demonstration using military
  vehicles at Fort Hood and Bliss , TX
• Conducted field biodegradation test at Fort Hood.
• Published a technical paper to NLGI Spokesman
  Journal
• Start revision of GAA spec 3Q01.

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Biodegradation Test Results
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Field Demonstration Vehicles
Inspection of Field Sample
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Field Demonstrations (Biodegradation)

• Field Soil Biodegradation Test was Setup at Ft.
  Hoods Bioremediation Sites
• Synthetic BLG-3 Sample Tested With MIL-PRF-10924G
  Grease As a Reference Sample
• Field Sample Was Analyzed Using EPA Method 413.2,
  Spectrophotometric, Infrared for Total
  Hydrocarbon From Wastes.

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Field BiodegradationTest Results
1.E06
1.E05
1.E04
Oil Concentration in Soil (ppm)
1.E03
1.E02
1.E01
1.E00
0
1
2
3
4
5
Month
MIL-PRF-10924G
BLG-3
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Biodegradable Hydraulic FluidBHF

• Industry has developed BHFs which are more
  biodegradable than currently used hydraulic
  fluids.
• Two types of Biodegradable Hydraulic Fluids are
  commercially available (i.e., Vegetable based,
  Synthetic Ester based).
• Initial target was MIL-H-46001 - Industrial
  Hydraulic Fluids.

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BHF Field Demonstration

• Field tests - Ten pieces of construction
  equipment ( i.e., scoop loaders, dump trucks,
  etc.) at Fort Bliss, TX.
• Five (5) BHFs (i.e., rapeseed oil, canola oil,
  soybean oil, polyol ester, and diester) selected
  as field demonstration samples.
• Duration of tests is one (1) year. Completed on
  October, 1998.
• Results - all BHF samples provided excellent
  service.

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BHF Summary

• Biodegradable hydraulic fluids are currently
  available.
• All BHFs are readily biodegradable and less toxic
  products.
• Biobased BHFs limited in operation temperature
  ranges.
• Synthetic fluids showed wide operational
  capability.
• Eleven (11) BHFs closely met target requirements.
• Field demonstration completed October 1998.
• BHFs work well in construction equipment.
• BHF implemented under MIL-PRF-32073.

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FRH and OHT Improvements

• FRH and OHT - MIL-PRF-46170 MIL-PRF-6083
• Hydraulic Fluids used in Tactical Combat Systems.
• FRH is a fire resistance and OHT is low
  temperature
• FRH is synthetic OHT is petroleum.
• OHT is very flammable
• FRH could benefit from improved low temperature
  properties
• OHT Improvement goals - Short term Goals
• Improve fire-resistance 100
• Require biodegradability - degrade 60 in 28
  days.
• FRH Improvement goals
• Improve biodegradability - Short Term Goal
• Improve low temperature - Long Term Goal.

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FRH and OHT Improvements

• Improvements goals will not sacrifice
  performance.
• Expect improvements to OHT by just moving to a
  synthetic product.
• Currently working on biodegradability
  improvements
• Received around 6 samples so far which uses
  biobased oils, synthetic oils using biobased as
  raw materials, and synthetic products.
• Short Term goals have target date is FY02

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STO No. TAR-13Advanced Fuels and Lubricants

• Advanced lube products that will increase fuel
  economy by 3 minimum
• Increase oil sump operating temperatures to 300F
  from 250 F
• To improve engine efficiency and reduce
  maintenance.
• Increase Oil Change Interval to reduce
  maintenance requirements by 50
• Target Goal for FY2004
• POL road map is being completed. Screener Testing
  contracted with TFLRF (SwRI).

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Advanced Fuels and Lubricants

• Key goal Develop Advanced Fuels and Lubricants
  to improved vehicle performance
• Requirements
• Fuel Economy Increase by 3 min.
• Oil Sump Temperature Increase to 300F
• Maintenance Decrease by 50
• Drain Interval Increase time between drain by
  50
• Enhance Fuel Energy Increase by 6-15?
• Timeframe
• Development complete beginning FY04

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20 BIO-DIESEL (B-20)
Description
Objective

• A PD was issued this in Sep 2000, and an SAE
  paper published in Dec 2000
• The PD is being verified in TARDECs Fuels
  Laboratory deficiencies found in winter grade
  B20
• Two-phase program Phase 1 concludes with
  decision whether to pursue a fleet test
• A CID has been distributed for review and comment
• Based on our lab work, we will recommend that all
  pure biodiesels have stabilizer additives

• Enable federal agencies and offices to buy and
  use B-20 products with acceptable properties.

Contractors/Partners

• TFLRF-SwRI
• TARDEC Fuels and Lubricant Team
• National Biodiesel Board

Scheduling Funding
Application/Customer

• Non-tactical vehicles
• GSA fleets
• Federal Non-GSA fleets
• State and Municipal fleets

Return on Investment
Greatly increased Army compliance with EPACT
requirements and Executive Orders governing
federal alternative fuel vehicle usage without
vehicle modifications or purchases, while
assuring fleet integrity.
Funding (Govt/Ind) Phase 1 163K w/o
salaries 43 to-date Phase 2 (contingent)
265K
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Natural Gas To Liquid (GTL) JP-8 FISCHER-TROPSCH
LIQUID FUELS (F-T)

• Evaluate the potential to develop and field a GTL
  synthetic JP-8 fuel. Address current JP-8 spec
  limitations, and identify practical solutions to
  technical barriers such as lubricity, elastomer
  compatibility, and cold flow with maximized
  process output.
• Focus areas
• Develop test formulations
• Evaluate DOE UCTF products
• Identify legacy fleet fuel system concerns
• Demonstrate GTL fuel in military vehicles (Ft.
  Irwin)
• Evaluate mobile fuel production processes
• Develop a roadmap for qualification in aircraft
  (with WPAFB).

• Problem Areas
• Minimal U.S. GTL synthetic crude production.
• 2 years until DOE can provide adequate amounts
  of GTL JP-8 (domestic production)

• Solutions/Recommendations
• Evaluate GTL synthetics - stable products,
  available in quantity
• Prepare synthetic JP-8 formulations from selected
  available synthetics

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Waste Engine Oil Reutilization WOR

• Need Reduce military costs associated with
  used/waste oil.
• Objective Develop environmentally friendly,
  low cost system that recovers energy from used
  oil for vehicle use
• Concept Blend proportioned amounts of used
  vehicle crankcase oil and JP-8 fuel at regular
  oil change intervals, returning mixture to
  vehicle fuel tank.
• Technology Filtration/blending system

• Key Points
• Will meet EPA todays emission standards.
• No degradation of vehicle components or
  performance.

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ST in POL Condition Monitoring
Steve Moyer, TARDEC Petroleum Quality Technology
Team, DSN786-4206
TODAY Samples Sent to Labs for Analysis
(Maintenance Time, Paperwork, Handling, Slow
Response)

• OBJECTIVE Onboard Vehicle Smart Sensors
  Capable of Real-Time POL Quality Monitoring
• POLQA STO (FY00-FY04) Investigating
  Technologies Microwave, Magnetic/Electrical
  Induction, Conductivity, Dielectric Constant,
  Raman Spectroscopy, Micro-Viscosimeter, Other
• Reducing Logistics Footprint and Support Costs

• Automatic monitoring
• Accurate low false alarm rate
• Simple go/no-go indication to operator
• High reliability
• Affordable
• Use on legacy and future vehicles

Horizontal Technology Insertion (HTI)
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Some Past Projects
USED ANTIFREEZE

• Reduces Overall Life Cycle Cost
• Reduces Cost of Buying New Fluid by Recycling
  Used Fluid
• Reduced Disposal Cost Waste

RECYCLING HYDRAULIC FLUID AND ANTIFREEZE

• Less Toxic Products
• Odorless Environmentally Friendly
• Less Irritant With Same Performance

P-D-680 REPLACEMENT
EXTENDING PRESERVATIVE OIL - MIL-L-21260- USE

• Extends Use of Preservative Oil Usage
• Reduce Disposal Cost Waste
• Reduces Logistics Burden, Less Oil Needed