GCSE PE

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GCSE PE
The Circulatory System
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The Circulatory System
The circulatory system is also known as the
cardiovascular system.It consists of
3. The Heart
1. Blood
2. Blood Vessels
The three main types of blood vessels are
arteries, veins and capillaries.
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Functions of the Circulatory system

• Transport oxygen and nutrients to parts of the
  body
• removes waste or toxic products from the body
• Control of body temperature
• Protection against disease

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Circulatory System Functions - Transport
All the cells of the body require energy in order
to work properly, e.g. muscle cells would not be
able to contract without a supply of oxygen and
fuel.
The circulatory system is therefore the bodys
transport system.It carries

• Blood from the heart to all the cells of the
  body, providing them with fuel and oxygen.

• Waste products away from all the cells of the
  body, including carbon dioxide and urea.

It is a delivery service
and a waste disposal unit!
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Definitions of Heart Function
There are three ways to measure heart performance
in sport and exercise

• Heart Rate
• Stroke Volume
• Cardiac Output

Heart Rate
Stroke Volume
The amount of blood pumped by the heart in one
beat
The number of times the heart beats per minute.
64 beats per minute is a typical result for a fit
person at rest.
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Cardiac Output
Cardiac output is
the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one
minute.
It is calculated using the formula
Cardiac Output Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
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Calculating Cardiac Output
For example
While exercising
At rest
Stroke Volume 75 ml Heart Rate 65
b.p.m. Cardiac Output 75 x 65
4875 ml
Stroke Volume 150 ml Heart Rate 200
b.p.m. Cardiac Output 150 x 200
30000 ml
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During sport.

• We want to increase the amount of blood going to
  the working muscles (cardiac output)
• We can do this by either increasing
• Stroke volume
• Heart rate
• Both

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How does the Circulatory System Contribute to
Performance in Sport?
The circulatory system is the bodys

• Delivery service for oxygen, glucose water.
• Waste disposal unit for carbon dioxide.
• Temperature control system together with the
  skin.

As a result, the circulatory system allows us to
effectively live, move and undertake everyday
tasks and perform in a wide variety of physical
activities.
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Athletics The Marathon
A full marathon run is 26.2 miles. In order to
allow the body to complete such a demanding task
the circulatory system must

• Supply the working muscles, especially in the
  legs and arms, with greater supplies of both
  oxygen and glucose so they can continue to
  contract and create movement.

• Remove lactic acid and carbon dioxide from the
  body so the athlete can continue to run well and
  without pain.

• Reduce body temperature while running via the
  blood and sweating, so running speed can be
  maintained.

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What happens to our circulatory system when we
exercise?

• The hormone adrenalin is released
• Causes our heart rate to increase
• Heart contracts more powerfully therefore stroke
  volume increases
• Increased cardiac output
• Increased supply of oxygen and fuel to working
  muscles
• The oxygen going to the muscles can be up to 3x
  the resting amount
• Blood flow can be increased up to 30x
• Therefore, working muscles can receive up to 90x
  the amount of oxygen they receive at rest