Vital Signs - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Vital Signs

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Patient Observations - Currituck County Schools ... Vital Signs – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Vital Signs


1
Vital Signs
2
Vital Signs
  • Provide information about body function
  • Data is used to treat illness and diagnose
    disease
  • Include
  • temperature
  • pulse
  • respiration
  • blood pressure

3
  • Changes may be the first
  • sign of disease or a change in patient
    health status.
  • Accuracy is imperative!

4
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Measurement of the balance between
  • heat lost and heat produced
  • Heat lost through
  • Perspiration
  • Respiration
  • Excretion
  • Heat produced by
  • Metabolism of food
  • Muscle and gland activity

5
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Normal ranges
  • 97º - 100º F
  • 36.1º - 37.8º C

6
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Hypothermia
  • Temperature below 95º F
  • Death can occur if below 93º F

7
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Hypothermia
  • Temperature decreases with
  • environment
  • exposure to cold
  • inactivity
  • sleep
  • starvation
  • Symptoms
  • shivering
  • cold skin
  • confusion

8
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Hyperthermia
  • Temperature 100-104º F
  • Temperature above 104º F is
  • life-threatening
  • Prolonged hyperthermia may cause brain
    injury.
  • Sx headache, confusion

9
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Hyperthermia
  • Temperature increases with
  • environment
  • exercise
  • illness, infection, injury
  • stress
  • Symptoms
  • hot, dry, red skin
  • nausea/vomiting
  • headache
  • low blood pressure

10
Vital SignsTemperature
Thermometers
Clinical Non-mercury glass
Aural good with children
Electronic
11
Vital SignsTemperature
  • Sites to measure temperature
  • Aural auditory canal
  • Axillary armpit
  • Oral mouth
  • Rectal rectum

12
Vital SignsTemperature
  • To record temperature
  • Oral 98.6º (O) under tongue by jaw line
  • Rectal 99.6º (R) lay pt on side
  • Axillary 97.6º (ax)
  • Aural 98.6º (T)

13
Vital SignsTemperature Measurement
  • Oral
  • Ask the patient if they have ingested hot or cold
    food or drink, or smoked within the last ½ hour
  • If yes, wait at least 15 minutes before measuring
    the oral temperature

14
  • Vital Signs
  • REPORT
  • ABNORMAL RESULTS
  • OF ANY VITAL SIGN
  • IMMEDIATELY to supervisor
  • Combined VS (TPRBP) can indicate a life
    threatening condition or a change in condition

15
Vital SignsTemperature Measurement
  • Aural
  • Pros
  • Measures core body temperature
  • Fast and convenient
  • Con
  • Inaccurate if not placed correctly in the
  • ear canal
  • Ear infection
  • Ear wax

16
Vital SignsPulse
  • Pressure of blood on artery walls
  • as the heart beats and
  • Relaxes (contraction and relaxation)

17
  • Sites
  • Temporal side of the forehead
  • Carotid side of the neck
  • Brachial inner elbow
  • Radial above the thumb at radius
  • Femoral upper thigh
  • Popliteal behind the knee
  • Dorsalis pedis top of the arch of the
    foot (good for checking lower limb circulation)

18
Vital SignsPulse
  • Normal rate
  • adult (male) 60 70 beats per minute
  • adult (female) 65 80 beats per minute
  • children (over 7) 70 100 beats per minute
  • children (1 7) 80 110 beats per minute
  • infants (less than 1 year) 100 160 beats per
    minute
  • Rhythm regular or irregular
  • Volume strength of the pulse

19
Vital SignsPulse
  • Pulse can be increased by
  • exercise
  • stimulant drugs
  • excitement
  • fever
  • shock
  • nervousness

20
Vital SignsPulse
  • Pulse can be decreased by
  • sleep
  • depressant drugs
  • heart disease
  • coma

21
Vital Signs
  • REPORT
  • ABNORMAL RESULTS
  • OF ANY VITAL SIGN
  • IMMEDIATELY

22
Vital SignsApical Pulse
  • Pulse count taken with the stethoscope.
  • Use if the patient has
  • Irregular heartbeat
  • Arteriosclerosis
  • Weak or rapid radial pulse
  • Infants and children

23
Vital SignsRespiration
Process of taking in oxygen and expelling carbon
dioxide 1 inspiration 1 expiration
respiration Normal rate adults 12 20
breaths per minute children 16 30
breaths per minute
24
  • Evaluate for rhythm and character
  • Rhythm regular or irregular (i.e. fast, slow)
  • Character depth, ease of breaths
  • Check while appearing to count pulse

25
Vital SignsRespiration
  • Abnormal respiratory patterns
  • Apnea periods of absent breathing
  • Cheyne-stokes periods of apnea and dyspnea
  • Dyspnea difficult breathing

26
Vital Signs
  • REPORT
  • ABNORMAL RESULTS
  • OF ANY VITAL SIGN
  • IMMEDIATELY

27
Vital SignsBlood pressure
Pressure of blood on the arterial walls Recorded
as a fraction 120/80
28
  • Systolic pressure wall of left ventricle is
    contracting
  • Normal range 100-140 mm Hg
  • Diastolic pressure wall of left ventricle is
    resting
  • Normal range 60-90 mm Hg

29
Vital SignsBlood pressure
  • Factors that elevate blood pressure
  • anxiety
  • eating
  • exercise
  • excitement
  • stimulant drugs
  • Factors that lower blood pressure
  • depressant drugs
  • excessive loss of blood
  • rest
  • shock

30
Diagnostic SkillsHeight and Weight
  • Measured if warranted by patients age and
    physical condition
  • Measured routinely
  • on admission to health care facility
  • as part of annual physical examination
  • each provider visit for children
  • Important for evaluation of laboratory tests
  • and calculation of medications

31
Diagnostic SkillsDaily Weights
  • Daily weights are used to monitor patients with
    chronic disease processes
  • Hormone disorders
  • Renal disorders
  • Heart disease
  • Cancer

32
Diagnostic SkillsDaily Weights
  • Guidelines for daily weights
  • use the same scales
  • at the same time
  • wearing the same type of clothing
  • patient voids to empty bladder
  • Make sure to balance the scales before weighing
    the patient.

33
Diagnostic SkillsDaily Weights
  • OBSERVE ALL SAFETY
  • PRECAUTONS!
  • Prevent injury from falls and the
  • protruding height lever.

34
Diagnostic SkillsMeasure Visual Acuity
  • Used to measure the ability to see
  • Snellen charts used to measure distant vision
  • Ishihara method tests for color
  • Tonometer measures intraocular pressure

35
Diagnostic SkillsMeasure Visual Acuity
  • OD right eye (oculus dexter)
  • OS left eye (oculus sinister)
  • OU both eyes (oculus uterque)
  • Myopia nearsightedness, defect in distant
    vision
  • Hyperopia farsightedness, defect in near vision
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