Vital Signs

1
Vital Signs

• Are measurements of the body's most basic
  functions
• Body temperature (Temp)
• Pulse/heart rate (HR)
• Respiration rate (RR)
• Blood pressure (BP)

2
?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????

1. ??? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????
2. ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???.
3. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ?? ????? ???? ???
   ??????
4. ??? ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????
   ??? ?? ???? ?? ???.
5. ??? ? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????
   ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???

3
Assessing Body Temperature

• The normal range of the body temperature is
  between 35.9c(96.6f)-37.4c(99.3).

4
??????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????
Age Temp. Pulse rate Resp. rate Blood pressure
New born 36.8C Axillary 80-180 30-80 73/55
1-3 years 37.7 C rectal 80-140 20-40 90/55
6-8 years 37C oral 75-120 15-25 95/75
10 years 37C oral 75-110 15-20 102/80
Teens 37C oral 60-100 15-20 102/80
Adults 37C oral 60-100 15-20 120/80
70 years 36C oral 60-100 15-20 120/80 normally Be up to 160/95
5
????? ????

1. ?????? ??? ????????(???? ????)
2. ????.

6
????? ????

• ???? (??? ????)
• ??? ????? ?????????????????? ?...

7
????? ???? ?? ???? ?????

• ??????? ???? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????
  ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????
• ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??
  ???? ????? ?????.?????? ???? ????? ??????
  ????????? ???? ?? ?????? 0/5 ???? ??? ???? ?????
  ?? ???
• ????????? ? ????
• ??????? ???? ????
• ??????
• ???? 24 ?????????? ??? ???? ????? 0/6 ??????? ??
  ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? 4 ?? 7 ??? .

8
??????? ???? ????? ???

• ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? 0/3-0/6
  ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????

9
?????? ???? ????? ???

• ?????? ???? ????? ??? (pyrexia)
• ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? 41 ???? ?????????(hyper
  pyrexia)

10
???????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ??

• ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??
  ??
• (intermittent)???? ?? ?? ?? ?????
• ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????(??? ?? 2 ????)????
  ??? ?? ???
• (remittent)??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???
• (constant) ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?
  ??????? ???? ?? 2 ???? ????????? ??? ???? ???
  ????? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ?? ????
  )relapsing????(
• (crisis)???? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???
  ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????
• (Lysis)??????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??
  ?? ????? ?????

11
????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???

• ????? ?????.
• ???? ???.
• ?????.
• ?? ???.
• ???? ?????.
• ???? ???? ?? ??????.
• ???? ?? ??????.

12
????? ??

1. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??.
2. ???? ?? ???.
3. ????? ???.

13
Hypothermia

• HYPOTHERMIA it is a body temperature below
  the normal limit 34 c.

14
Sites for Assessing Temperature

1. Orally (common way). (3 5 min)
2. Axillary (safe way). (10 min)
3. Rectal (accurate reading). (2 3 min)
4. Tympanic membrane.

15
Average Normal Temperature for Healthy Adults
C/ F Oral Rectal Axillary
Centigrade 37.0 C 37.5 C 36.5 C
Fahrenheit 98.6 F 99.5 F 96.6 F
16
When we cannot use oral thermometer?

1. The child under 6 years .
2. Unconscious patients .
3. Psychiatric patients .
4. Patient who cannot breath from his nose
5. Mouth surgery or infection .
6. Patient on oxygen mask.

17
When we cannot use rectal thermometer?

1. With patients who have rectal surgery .
2. With patients who have any rectal disorders.
3. With patient who have cardiac disorders.
4. Decrease in platelets .

18
Thermometers

• Electronic thermometer.
• Glass thermometer.
• Paper thermometer.
• Tympanic membrane thermometer.

19
???

• ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??
  ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??
• ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??????
  ??????
• ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?
  ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???

20
Pulse Rate

• The normal heart rate in adult is ( 60
  100 beat/min.)
• TACHYCARDIA is a rapid pulse rate , greater
  than 100 beat /min.
• BRADYCARDIA is a pulse rate below 60 beats
  / min. in adults.

21
Factors Contribute to Increase Pulse Rate

• Pain.
• Fever.
• Stress.
• Exercise .
• Bleeding.
• Decrease in blood pressure .
• Some medications as (adrenalin, aminophylline)

22
Factors May Slow The Pulse

• Rest .
• Increasing age.
• People with thin body size .
• Medication as ( digitalis ).
• Thyroid gland disturbances .

23
PULSE SITES

• TEMPORAL PULSE
• CAROTID PULSE
• BRACHIAL PULSE
• RADIAL PULSE
• FEMORAL PULSE
• POPLITEAL PULSE
• POSTERIOR TIBIAL PULSE
• DORSALIS PULSE
• Auscultation APICAL PULSE with stethoscope

24
PULSE SITES
25
Vital Signs Pulse (cont.)

• Locate pulse by pressing lightly with index and
  middle finger pads at the pulse site
• Count the number of beats felt in 1 minute
• If regular may count beats for 30 seconds and
  multiply by 2

26
Vital signs Pulse (cont.)
Regular Pulse Rhythm
Irregular Pulse Rhythm

• Count for 30 seconds, then multiply by 2
  (a rate of 35 beats in 30 seconds equals
  a pulse rate of 70 beats/minute)

• Count for one full minute
• May use stethoscope to listen for apical
  pulse and count for a full minute

Click for Sound
Click for Sound
27
NORMAL PULSE PER MINUTE AT VARIOUS AGE
Age Range Average
Newborn 1 month 120 160 140
1 month - 12 months 80 140 120
12 months 2 years 80 130 110
2 year - 6 year 75 120 100
6 year - 12 year 75 110 95
Adolescence to adult 60 - 100 80
28
Respiration

• ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? (breathing )?????
  ????
• ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????
  ?????? ??? ???? ? ????? ???
• ???? ?????????? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???? ????
  ????? ??? ?????

29
Respiration

• ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???
• ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?? ????
  ????? ?? ???
• ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??
  ???? ?? ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ???

30
Respiration

• Respiratory rate indication of how well the
  body provides oxygen to the tissues
• Check by watching, listening, or feeling movement

1 inhalation 1 exhalation 1 respiration
31
Factors Affecting Respiration

• Pain.
• Anxiety.
• Exercise .
• Medications .
• Trauma .
• Infection.
• Respiratory and cardiovascular disease .
• Alteration in fluids, electrolytes, acid- base
  balances.

32
Assessing Respirations

• Inspection.
• Listening with stethoscope.
• Monitoring arterial blood gas results.
• Using a pulse oximeter.

33
Respiration

• Irregularities indication of possible disease
• Hyperventilation excessive rate and depth
• Dyspnea difficult or painful breathing
• Tachypnea rapid breathing
• Hyperpnea abnormally rapid or deep breathing

34
Vital Signs Respiration (cont.)

• Other irregularities
• Rales (noisy)
• Constriction or blockage of bronchial passages
• Pneumonia, bronchitis, asthma, or other pulmonary
  disease
• Cheyne-Stokes respirations
• Periods of increasing and decreasing depth of
  respiration between periods of apnea
• Strokes, head injuries, brain tumors, congestive
  heart failure
• Apnea absence of breathing

35
Vital Signs Respiration (cont.)
Normal Respiratory Rates
NOTE Ranges reflect breaths per minute
36
Patterns of Respiration
Desperation
Normal 12 20 breath / minute
Tachypnea 24b / min ????
Bradypnea 10 b / min ????
Hyperventilation Increased rate and depth
Hypoventilation Decreased rate and depth Irregular
37
Blood Pressure

• Blood pressure is the force required by the
  heart to pump blood from the ventricles of
  the heart into the arteries.
• It is measured in systolic and diastolic
• pressure.

38
Vital Signs Blood Pressure (cont.)
120/80
39
Vital Signs Blood Pressure (cont.)

• Normal for some people
• Severely low blood pressure readings occur with
• Shock
• Heart failure
• Severe burns
• Excessive bleeding

• High blood pressure readings
• Major contributor to heart attacks and strokes

40
Blood Pressure (Contd)

• Systolic is known as the force to pump blood
  out of the heart.
• Diastolic it is known as relaxation period of
  the heart pump (ventricles )
• Blood pressure systolic pressure / diastolic
  pressure.
• The normal BP is 120/ 80 mmHg.

41
Blood Pressure (Contd)

• Hypertension it means high blood pressure.
• Factors increasing blood pressure
• Increasing age .
• Obese person .
• Emotions as anger, fear .
• Tension .
• Exercise .
• Food intake.
• Illness.
• Medications.

42
Blood Pressure (Contd)

• Hypotension it means low blood pressure
• Factors that reduce blood pressure
• severe blood loss ( bleeding )
• burns .
• vomiting .
• Diarrhea.
• medications

43
Equipment for Assessing Blood Pressure

• Stethoscope and sphygmomanometer.
• Doppler ultrasound.
• Electronic or digital devices.

44

• The End