The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

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The Hip Joint and Pelvic Girdle

• Anatomy and Kinesiology
• 420024

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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Hip Joint

• Hip joint (femur and acetabulum of pelvis)
• Relatively stable due to
• Bony architecture
• Strong ligaments
• Large supportive muscles
• Hip joint and pelvic girdle work together much
  like shoulder joint and girdle
• Pelvis moves in response to trunk and/or thigh
  movement
• Other bones to consider
• Tibia
• Fibula
• Patella

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Pelvic Girdle

• Pelvic girdle ? Pelvic bones, sacrum, coccyx
• Pelvic bones
• Each pelvic bone is made up of three fused bones
  ? ilium, ischium, pubis
• Right left pelvic bone joined together
  posteriorly by sacrum
• Sacrum
• Extends from spinal column with 5 fused vertebrae
• Coccyx
• Extends posteriorly from sacrum with 3 fused
  vertebrae

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Lateral femoral epicondyle
Medial femoral epicondyle
Patella
Lateral tibial condyle
Medial tibial condyle
Head of fibula
Tibial tuberosity
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Joints

• Hip joint
• AKA Acetabular femoral joint
• Diarthrodial multiaxial ball and socket
• Movements
• Planes and axes

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Joints

• Pubic symphisis
• Amphiarthrodial cartilagenous joint
• Slightly moveable

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Joints

• Sacroiliac joints
• Diarthrodial gliding joints
• Slightly moveable

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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Muscles

• Anterior
• Iliopsoas
• Sartorius
• Rectus femoris
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Posterior
• Gluteus maximus
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendonosus
• Semimembranosus
• Deep 6 external rotators

• Lateral
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Medial
• Adductor brevis
• Adductor longus
• Adductor magnus
• Gracilis
• Pectineus

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Iliopsoas
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Sartorius
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Rectus Femoris
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Tensor Fasciae Latae
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Muscles

• Anterior
• Iliopsoas
• Sartorius
• Rectus femoris
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Posterior
• Gluteus maximus
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendonosus
• Semimembranosus
• Deep 6 external rotators

• Lateral
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Medial
• Adductor brevis
• Adductor longus
• Adductor magnus
• Gracilis
• Pectineus

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Gluteus Maximus
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Semitendinosus
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Semimembranosus
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Biceps Femoris
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Six Deep External Rotators
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Muscles

• Anterior
• Iliopsoas
• Sartorius
• Rectus femoris
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Posterior
• Gluteus maximus
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendonosus
• Semimembranosus
• Deep 6 external rotators

• Lateral
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Medial
• Adductor brevis
• Adductor longus
• Adductor magnus
• Gracilis
• Pectineus

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Gluteus Medius
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Gluteus Minimus
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Muscles

• Anterior
• Iliopsoas
• Sartorius
• Rectus femoris
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Posterior
• Gluteus maximus
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendonosus
• Semimembranosus
• Deep 6 external rotators

• Lateral
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus
• Medial
• Adductor brevis
• Adductor longus
• Adductor magnus
• Gracilis
• Pectineus

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Adductor Brevis
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Adductor Longus
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Adductor Magnus
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Pectineus
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Gracilis
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Objectives

• Bones, bony landmarks and joints
• Muscles
• Movements

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Movements

• Flexion
• Movement of femur straight anteriorly
• Extension
• Movement of femur straight posteriorly

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Movements

• Abduction
• Movement of femur laterally to side away from
  midline
• Adduction
• Movement of femur medially toward midline

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Movements

• Horizontal adduction
• Movement of femur in a horizontal or transverse
  plane toward the midline
• Horizontal abduction
• Movement of femur in a horizontal or transverse
  plane away from the midline

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Movements

• External rotation
• Movement of femur laterally around its long axis
  away from midline
• Internal rotation
• Movement of femur medially around its long axis
  toward midline

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Movements

• Diagonal abduction
• Movement of femur in a diagonal plane away from
  midline of body
• Diagonal adduction
• Movement of femur in a diagonal plane toward
  midline of body

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Movements

• Anterior pelvic tilt
• Anterior movement of upper pelvis iliac crest
  tilts forward in a sagittal plane
• Posterior pelvic tilt
• Posterior movement of upper pelvis iliac crest
  tilts backward in a sagittal plane

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Movements

• Left lateral pelvic tilt
• Left pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to right
  pelvis in frontal plane
• Right lateral pelvic tilt
• Right pelvis moves inferiorly in relation to left
  pelvis in frontal plane

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Movements

• Left transverse pelvic tilt
• Left pelvis moves posteriorly in relation to the
  right in transverse plane
• Right transverse pelvic tilt
• Right pelvis moves posteriorly in relation to the
  left in transverse plane

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LINE OF PULL
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FLEXION

• Superior movement of the femur in the sagittal
  plane

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FLEXION
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FLEXION

• Iliopsoas
• Rectus femoris
• Sartorius
• Tensor fasciae latae
• Pectineus

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EXTENSION

• Inferior movement of the femur in the sagittal
  plane

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EXTENSION
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EXTENSION

• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus

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ABDUCTION

• Superolateral movement of the femur in the
  frontal plane

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Gluteus minimus
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ABDUCTION
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ABDUCTION

• Tensor fasciae latae
• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus minimus

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ADDUCTION

• Inferomedial movement of the femur in the frontal
  plane

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ADDUCTION
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ADDUCTION

• Gracilis
• Adductor magnus
• Adductor longus
• Adductor brevis
• Pectineus

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HORIZONTAL ABDUCTION

• Movement of the femur away from the midline of
  the body in the transverse plane
• Muscles ? Abductors

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HORIZONTAL ADDUCTION

• Movement of the femur towards the midline in the
  transverse plane
• Muscles ? Adductors

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INTERNAL/EXTERNAL ROTATION

• Movement of the femur towards/away the midline in
  the transverse plane along its long axis