Equine

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Equine

• Equs caballus

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Horse Classification

• Kingdom
• Animalia
• Phylum
• Chordata
• Class
• Mammalia
• Order
• Perissodactyla
• Family
• Equidae
• Genus
• Equus
• Species
• Equus caballus

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Origin of the Equine

• Eohippus- (Dawn Horse) 55 million years ago
• - 10-20 inches tall
• - 4 toes of front feet
• -3 toes on hind feet
• -teeth were simple crowns
• -browsers not grazers that lived in the forest

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• Mesohippus (Middle Horse) 35 million years ago
• -20 inches tall
• -each foot had 3 toes and the middle toe was the
  biggest
• -browser
• -teeth grew bigger

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• Merychippus- (Grass eater) 26 million years ago.
• -40 inches tall
• -middle toe lager and bore all weight, ended in a
  hoof
• -started grazing, teeth developed high crowns and
  good cementum from grinding grasses

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• Pliohippus (one-toed grazer) 2-3 millions years
  ago
• - Taller- equivalent to horses today
• -side toes become bones of side of legs (splint
  bones)
• Teeth changed to adapt to eating grass
• - eyes wider for better vision

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Equus (True Horse)

• -middle toe has terminated into a stout hoof
• - Teeth high crowned, will keep on growing
  throughout horses life- hypsodont

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My relatives

• The name Perissodactyla means "odd-toed." This
  group of ungulates includes horses, tapirs, and
  rhinos. The name of their order derives from the
  fact that their middle toe is larger than the
  others, and the plane of symmetry of the foot
  passes through it, a condition called mesaxonic

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Undomesticated species

• There are 3 groups one which include the zebra of
  Africa and Asia, the second is the wild ass of
  Africa and the third is Przhevalskis horse.

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Przewalskis Horse

• Only known surviving wild horse- (never tamed for
  riding)
• Has 33 pair of chromosomes compared to todays
  horse with 32
• Was extinct in the wild but captive breeding has
  resulted in reintroduction to the wild
• primitive appearance

• (sheh-val-skee)

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History

• Evidence indicates that horses were plentiful
  during the Stone Age. Horses were used for a
  food source
• Horses became domesticated during the Bronze age
  about 2000BC
• The domesticated horses of Babylonia and Egypt
  were the foundation horses of the Arabian breeds
• Heavily built and slower horses were being
  domesticated in Europe
• A third ancestral strain found in the British
  Isles was the prototype to the modern pony

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History cont.

• The first domestic horses introduced into the
  Americas were brought by Spanish conquistadores
  in the 16th century. The ancestors of these
  horses are the Mustangs
• The 17th century was the first attempt to improve
  breeds of horses. The Thoroughbred was developed
  form the foundations sires The Byerly Turk, the
  Darley Arabian, and Godolphin Barb, bred to
  English mares. Stud books began in the late 1700s

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Breeds of Horses

• -roughly 500 breeds world wide
• Major types
• -draft, pony, light

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Common Draft Horses Breeds

• Was developed in Northern Europe as war horses
• Above 16 hands
• 1,500 2,500 lbs
• Large bones and thick

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Belgian Draft

• Mix of Belgian and Flemish horses
• Stand 16 - 17.2 hands
• Weight- 1,900 to 2,200 lbs.
• Colors- chestnut or sorrel, and roan with flaxen
  mane and tail

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Clydesdale - Draft

• Originated in Scotland
• Weights between 1,700 and 2200 lbs.
• Stands 17- 19 hands
• Colors- typically bay and brown with white
  markings- but can be many colors with
  feathering of legs

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Shire - Draft

• English in Origin
• 17 to 19 hands tall
• Commonly black, but can be bay, grey chestnut
• Also has feathering on legs

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Percheron

• Originated in France
• Is a draft horse
• 16-17 hands in height
• Weight 1,800-2,000lbs.
• Color - usually black or grey, but also bay,
  brown, chestnut and roan.
• Arabian influence in background

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Suffolk Punch- Draft

• Developed in England
• 16-17 hands in height
• 1800-2000lbs
• Color- always chestnut
• Rounded punchy apperance

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American Cream- Draft

• Only US developed draft
• Light cream color
• Moderate to small in size

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Common Light Horses

• Most horses, usually riding breeds small bones
  and thin legs
• Above 14.2 hands
• 900 1300 lbs.

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American Mustang

• Originated in U.S. from horses brought to New
  World by Spanish.
• Originally came from North Africa.
• Used for show and pleasure riding, jumping and as
  a stock horse.
• May be any color.

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Appalossa

• Originated in U.S. from Nez Perce Native
  Americans
• 14-16 hands
• 900-1200 pounds
• Must have striped hooves
• Must have mottling of skin
  around muzzle and eyes
• Must have unpigmented
  sclera
• Will come in 2 basic patterns
• Leopard or Blanket

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Arabian

• One of the oldest pure breeds
• 14-15 hands
• Small, 850-1100 lbs.
• Elegant, refined, durable- valued for beauty
  purity movement intelligence, and endurance
• Dished face and high tail carriage
• Colors are bay, gray and chestnut a few are black.

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Andalusian

• Originated in Spain.
• 15-16 hands
• 900-1100 pounds
• Used for bullfighting, dressage, and jumping
• Colors are bay, white and gray
• Cortes brought Andalusians to America for his
  conquests.

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Aztec

• The Azteca breed was the first breed developed in
  Mexico.
• development of a breed using Andalusian, Quarter
  Horse and Criollo began
• The Mexican charro requires a calm horse to rope
  from, excel in all working ranch endeavors, and
  the elegance to be shown off in pleasure riding

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Canadian

• the Canadian Horse remains the sturdiest and most
  acclimatized horse in Canada today. 
• They are tough, strong horses, tolerant of
  inclement weather conditions, and are extremely
  easy keepers. 
• Because of these traits, the Canadian Horse is
  often referred to as The Little Iron Horse.
• They are characterized by their finely chiseled
  heads, arched necks, and thick, long, wavy manes
  and tails all reminiscent of their Andulasian
  and Barb. Have also helped refine Morgan and
  Tennessee Walking horse.

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Cleveland Bay

• Originated in England
• Larger horse-1,150-1400 lbs.
• Used as a utility horse, pleasure riding and
  driving.
• Color- Solid bay with black legs.

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Hackney- horse and pony

• Originated in England
• Weighs 600 to 1,200 lbs.
• 12-16 hands
• Used as a harness or carriage horse.
• Colors-bay, brown or chestnut, with white
  markings.

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Lipizzaner

• Austrian breed
• averaging between 14.3 to 15.3 hands
• 1000-1200pounds
• The Lipizzaner is noted for his sturdy body,
  brilliant action and proud carriage as well as
  his intelligent and docile disposition. Born
  dark, black-brown, brown or mouse-grey,
  Lipizzaners turn white somewhere between the ages
  of 6 and 10

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Missouri Fox TrottingHorse

• Came from the Ozarks in Missouri.
• Major use is pleasure riding
• Has a fox trot gait
• Color is sorrel, usually with white markings.

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Morgan

• Originated in Vermont- named after Justin Morgan
  who brought him to Vermont
• 14-16 hands
• 800-1200 pounds
• used for pleasure riding, and as a stock horse.
• Is the foundation breed for many breeds in the
  U.S.
• Colors- bay, black, brown and Chestnut.

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Palomino

• Originated in the U.S. from Spanish Stock.
• Used for pleasure riding, stock, harness and as
  a parade horse.
• Color-gold- color does not breed true in crosses.
  Mane and tail are lighter colors.

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Paso Fino Peruvian Paso

• Originated in Spain where the chance mix of
  breeds sparked the seed that became one of the
  world's finest riding horses.
• 13-15 hands
• 950 pounds
• The basic gaits of the Paso Fino in order of
  speed are the paso fino, paso corto, and paso
  largo. They also walk and canter.
• The gait itself is evenly spaced, with each foot
  contacting the ground independently
• Color- grey, white, black, bay, chestnut

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Quarter Horse

• Originated in U.S.
• 14-15 hands
• 1000-1250 pounds
• First used as a race horse. quarter miler
• Inherent cow sense used in ranch work
• Comes in most colors
• Used for pleasure riding, racing, showing and as
  a stock horse.

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First registered American Quarter Horse

• Bred here in Texas at King Ranch in Kingsville

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American Saddlebred

• Developed in Kentucky
• 15-16 hands
• Used for riding and driving
• Shown as a 3 gaited or 5 gaited or harness horse

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Standardbred

• Originated in the U.S.
• 15-16 hands
• 850-1200 pounds
• Colors are bay, black, brown and chestnut. Other
  colors may occur.
• Developed as a harness racing horse,
  extraordinary speed without breaking into a
  gallop
• The pace is not a natural gate like the trot

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Tennessee Walking Horse

• Originated in the Tennessee
• 15-16 hands
• 1000-1200 pounds
• Colors include sorrel, chestnut, black, bay,
  brown, white and golden.
• Noted for its running walk gait.
• Used for pleasure riding and showing.

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Thoroughbred

• Originated in England.
• 15.1-16.1 hands
• 900-1200 pounds
• Development as a race horse began in the 17th.
  Century
• Colors include bay, brown, and chestnut
• Used as a race horse and hunter/jumper, dressage,
  eventing

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Trakehner

• Originated in East Prussia.
• Name comes from the town in East Prussia were the
  breed was established.
• Large horse 16-17 hands.
• Used as a dressage horse- has elegant movement.

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Common Pony Breeds

• A breed of horse that is under 14.2 hands.
• lt800 lb.

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Connemara Pony

• Originated in Ireland
• Came to U.S. in 1951
• Used for jumping and pleasure riding.
• Colors- Roan or chestnut, bay, black, brown,
  cream, dun or gray.

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Chincoteague Pony

• Descends from the wild horses on Assateague
  Island off the coast of Va. And Maryland.
• Were brought to Island from mainland by their
  owners to avoid taxes in the 17th century
• They are pony size 12-13 hands
• Due to large amount of salt in diet they drink
  twice as much water as other domestic horses.
• The large amount of water they drink gives them a
  bloated look.

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Pony of the Americas

• Originated in Iowa, cross of Appaloosa and
  Shetland
• Color patterns of the
• Appaloosa.
• Used for pleasure riding and showing.
• From 11.2 to 13.2 hands high.

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Shetland Pony

• Originated in Shetland Islands.
• About 11 hands
• 300-400 pounds
• Used for pleasure riding by children and for
  showing and pulling carts
• Any color

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Welsh (Pony)

• Originated in Wales
• 10-14 hands
• Resemble small Arabian
• Ideal for young children
• Many uses work in coal mines, pull chariots,
  work cattle

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Miniature

• The American Miniature is a "height" breed they
  must measure no more than 34 inches in height at
  maturity
• These little horses have already proved their
  worth in therapeutic programs for the disabled
  child or adult, as well as with the aged.

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References

• http//www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/horses/