History of Jazz

1
History of Jazz

• Miss Paschall
• 8th Grade General Music

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Blues

• Developed in the 1800s
• Continues today
• Exists in every time period and style
• Name a modern blues musician

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Ragtime (1890-1917)

• Composed piano music written by African Americans
• Influenced jazz
• Most famous Ragtime composer is Scott Joplin
• Maple Leaf Rag

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New Orleans
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Beginnings of Jazz
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Dixieland (1900-1920s)

• Originated in New Orleans
• Combination of African and European styles
• Large bands with cornet, clarinet, trombone,
  banjo, tuba, and drums
• Tuba used instead of string bass sometimes these
  bands marched

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Louis Armstrong (1901-1971)

• Nickname was Satchmo
• Played trumpet
• Improvised vocally by scat singing
• Scat-singing is improvised singing with nonsense
  words

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Louis Armstrong
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Louis Armstrong and Joe Oliver
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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• Jeepers Creepers

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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• St. Louis Blues

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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• Lets Call the Whole Thing Off (with Ella
  Fitzgerald)

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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• They Cant Take That Away From Me
• (scat singing with Ella Fitzgerald)

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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• Hello Dolly

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Louis Armstrong Listening Examples

• What a Wonderful World

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Boogie-Woogie (1920s-1930s)

• Occurred during the Great Depression
• Bands were smaller due to the Great Depression
  and the need to save money
• Piano was added because it could play more parts
  than any other instrument
• Count Basie Topsy

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Swing (1932-1942)

• Large dance bands because the Great Depression
  was over
• This happy era ended when the U.S. entered World
  War II
• Important Swing Band Leaders Duke Ellington,
  Benny Goodman, Count Basie, Glenn Miller

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Duke Ellington (1899-1974)

• Played piano and composed many pieces
• Cottontail

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Duke Ellington

• Take the A Train

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Benny Goodman (1909-1986)

• Played clarinet
• First popular jazz band to include both white and
  black musicians

Dont Be That Way
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Benny Goodman

• First jazz group to play swing music at Carnegie
  Hall
• This gave jazz musicians greater respect

• Sing Sing Sing

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Count Basie (1904-1984)

• Talented piano player
• Led band while playing piano
• Swingin the Blues

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Glenn Miller (1904-1944)

• Played trombone
• Most popular swing band at the time
• Entertained troops overseas during World War II
• In the Mood

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Bebop (1940-1950)

• Groups were smaller because of World War II
• Music was often fast and complex

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Dizzy Gillespie (1917-1993)

• Mixed jazz with African and Cuban rhythms
• Was a prankster and once kicked out of a band
• Trademark--trumpet with a bent bell

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Charlie Parker (1920-1955)

• Extremely talented saxophone player
• Performed complex solos
• Died at 34 because of drug and alcohol problems
• Groovin High, Parker (sax), Gillespie(tpt)

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Cool Jazz (1949-1955)

• Reaction to the Bebop style
• Much more relaxed and less complex than Bebop
  music
• Songs are slower and longer during this era of
  jazz

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Miles Davis (1926-1991)

• Trumpet player
• His influence helped the evolution of jazz
• Was also a boxer and a painter
• So What

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Decline of Jazz

• Jazz was taken out of Harlem and put in Carnegie
  Hall and downtown in those joints where youve
  got to be quiet. The black people split and went
  back to Harlem, back to the rhythm and blues, so
  they could have a good time.
• -tenor sax player Johnny Griffin

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Decline of Jazz

• White kids were jamming the rock halls and the
  older people were staying home and watching TV.
  Maybe they found they couldnt pat their feet to
  our music anymore.
• -pianist Hampton Hawes

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Modern Jazz (1960-present)

• Funk/Soul
• Avante-Garde (free jazz)
• Straight-ahead (traditional)
• Latin
• Jazz Fusion

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Funk/Soul

• Reverted to basic harmonies
• Used funky rhythms
• James Brown, Jimi Hendrix, Sly Stone, Buddy Rich
• Buddy Rich, Slow Funk

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Avante-Garde (free jazz)

• Less structure
• John Coltrane
• Short life, but great jazz influence
• Played saxophone solos an hour in length
• Died from liver cancer at age 40
• John Coltrane, Giant Steps

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Straight-Ahead (traditional)

• Uses improvisation
• Emotional
• Wynton Marsalis, Sarah Vaughn, Lincoln Center
  Jazz Orchestra
• Sarah Vaughn
• They Cant Take That Away From Me

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Straight-Ahead (traditional)

• Lincoln Center Jazz Orchestra
• Take the A Train

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Straight-Ahead (traditional)

• Wynton Marsalis
• Goodbye

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Latin

• African and Latin American rhythms combined with
  jazz
• Carlos Santana, Tito Puente, Chick Corea
• Chick Corea, Armandos Tango Wigwam

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Jazz Fusion

• Mixed jazz with rock
• Chick Corea
• Bobby McFerrin
• Weather Report
• Blood, Sweat, and Tears
• Spinning Wheel

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Bibliography

• Jazz Gumbo Beginnings 1917. PBS (2000).
  Retrieved January 9, 2007, from
  PowerMediaPlus.com. http//www.powermediaplus.com
  
• Jazz The Gift 1917-1924 Part One. PBS (2000).
  Retrieved January 11, 2007 from
  PowerMediaPlus.com. http//www.powermediaplus.com
  
• Jazz The Gift 1917-1924 Part Two. PBS (2000).
  Retrieved January 11, 2007 from
  PowerMediaPlus.com. http//www.powermediaplus.com