Grade 10

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Grade 10 Objective 3
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1 The diagram above represents a
virus with its surface markers. The diagrams
below show various animal cells with receptor
sites. Which of the following cells is most
likely affected by this virus? A B
C D
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2 What is the most common threat to a host
organism posed by an invading virus? A
Production of viral fluids in the bloodstream B
Fermentation of acids in the digestive
system C Destruction of cells by viral
reproduction D Stimulation of muscle tone in
the heart
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3 Which of the following is found in both
cells and viruses? A Silica B Genetic
material C Digestive cavity D Flagella
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4 People infected with the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have an increased
risk of dying from secondary infections. Which of
these best explains how HIV increases the
danger of secondary infections? A HIV
produces antigens that damage red blood
cells. B HIV adds genetic material from
harmful microbes. C HIV destroys helper T
cells. D HIV consumes beneficial microbes in
the body.
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5 Viruses can be transmitted in a
variety of ways. The virus that causes SARS
(severe acute respiratory syndrome) can be
transmitted when an infected person coughs or
sneezes. This virus is transmitted in a manner
most similar to the transmission of F
smallpox G AIDS H West Nile virus J
influenza
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6 Which group of organisms can live in the
human intestine and aid in the digestive
process? A Bacteria B Fungi C
Protozoa D Viruses
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7 All of the following symptoms are likely
associated with bacterial infection except F
skin rashes or lesions G elevated body
temperature H swollen glands or tissues J
increased red blood cell count
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8 Which organism lives in the human
intestine and aids in the digestive process? A
The bacterium Escherichia coli B The
fungus Trichophyton rubrum C The protozoan
Entamoeba coli D The algae Fucus vesiculosus
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9 Some antibiotics cause patients to
exhibit digestive side effects. These side
effects are most often the result of F
bacteria being killed in the digestive tract G
the antibiotics being converted into stomach
acids H too much water being drawn into the
digestive tract J the stomach wall being torn
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10 Many species of bacteria can be found in
the human mouth. Which of these explains the
great variety of bacteria in the mouth? F
Large volumes of air cause bacteria to change
form. G Salivary glands cause mutations in
bacterial populations. H The presence of
nutrients makes the mouth a favorable
habitat. J Calcium in the teeth provides a
suitable pH environment.
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11 Which of these actions helps protect
people from bacteria that cause food
poisoning? A Thawing meat in the kitchen
sink B Freezing meat in plastic bags C
Cooking meat until well-done D Slicing meat
on a picnic table
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12 Which of these would make a species
most susceptible to extinction? A Few
natural predators B Extreme specialization C
Short growth cycles D Extensive migration
distances
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13 Which of the following is most likely
to cause increases in a predator population? F
Fewer prey G A reduction in competition H
More parasites J A period of drought
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14 The maps below show the geographic
ranges of four species of the order Lagomorpha,
which includes rabbits and hares. In which range
would developing white fur in winter most likely
not be an advantage for a member of this
order? F H G J
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15 A man treated his home with a pesticide
that kills roaches. The first application of
the pesticide killed 92 of the roaches. Two
months later he applied the pesticide to his
home again, but the second application killed
only 65 of the roaches. What would best explain
the decrease in the effectiveness of the
pesticide? F The pesticide is effective only
against mature roaches. G Once roaches learned
how to fight the pesticide, they taught
others. H The surviving roaches were
naturally resistant to the pesticide, and that
resistance was inherited by their offspring. J
The pesticide caused some of the roaches
digestive systems to mutate and metabolize the
pesticide.
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16 The guppy is a species of small freshwater
fish. Scientists observed that the average size
of guppies in a pond decreased over a few years
after a guppy predator was introduced into the
pond. Which of the following best explains the
change in guppy size? F Speciation G
Convergent evolution H Inbreeding J
Natural selection
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17 Bufo woodhousei and Bufo cognatus are two
closely related species of toads. In areas
where their ranges overlap, the toads will
remain separate species if they F
breed in different seasons G have
different color patterns H eat different
types of insects J feed at different times
of the day
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18 Which of the following is an example of
mutualism? A A wasp injects its eggs inside
the body of a caterpillar. The eggs hatch
and eat the caterpillar. B A bird builds a
nest in a tree. C A human uses a dog to
protect a flock of sheep. The dog is given
food and shelter. D A flower grows next to a
bush.
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19 According to this food web,
the relationship between Texas horned lizards
and other lizards would be described best as
A competitive C parasitic B
predatory D mutualistic
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20 This relationship is an example
of A predation B parasitism C
mutualism D commensalism
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21 An oakworm caterpillar feeds on the
leaves of an oak tree. This type of interaction
is F mutualistic G commensalistic H
competitive J parasitic
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22 After being introduced in the 1930s,
the B fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) became
established throughout much of the southern
United States. One biological way to control
fire ants might be to introduce organisms that
are A mutualistic with fire ant queens B
nurtured by fire ant workers C preyed on by
fire ant drones D parasitic to fire ant
larvae
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23 A hummingbird feeds on the nectar of a
flowering plant. In this process the bird gains
nutrition while spreading the plants pollen to
other flowers. The relationship between
hummingbirds and flowering plants can be
described as F commensal G
predatory H parasitic J mutualistic
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How One Fungus Gets Nutrients 24
Which word best describes the fungus in the
situation above? A Predator B Producer C
Parasite D Decomposer
A certain type of fungus grows
sticky structures when roundworms are near.
Roundworms that come close to the sticky
structures can become trapped. The fungus
penetrates and digests trapped roundworms.
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25 Which of these is a normal response to
bright light? F Enlargement of the cornea G
Increased blood flow to the retina H
Thickening of the lens J Contraction of the
pupil
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26 The vector that transmits the malaria
pathogen (Plasmodium) from one host to another
is A mosquitoes B ticks C lice D
houseflies
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27 Which of these is a model of the most
complete food chain? A Primary consumer ?
decomposer ? tertiary consumer ? secondary
consumer B Producer ? primary consumer ?
secondary consumer ? decomposer C Decomposer
? primary consumer ? producer ? secondary
consumer D Primary consumer ? secondary
consumer ? decomposer ? tertiary consumer
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28 Like most invasive species, fire ants
have successfully migrated into new territories
because of A genetic drift B
advantageous coloration C lack of population
control D mutation of genes
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29 Which organisms in this food web
can be described as both primary and secondary
consumers? F Hawks G Weasels H
Raccoons J Mice
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30 Wolves and hawks are at the
same trophic level because they A both
live on land B are both large mammals C
both eat primary consumers D have similar
hunting patterns
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31 Approximately how much of the energy
available in the tissues of the producer is
eventually incorporated into the tissues of a
secondary consumer? A Less than 1 B
Between 20 and 30 C Approximately 50 D
More than 50
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32 In this food chain, the spiders are
A producers B primary consumers C
competitors D secondary consumers
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33 A person living near this pond
wants to reduce the mosquito population. The
mosquito population included in this food web
could be reduced by A planting more
duckweed B catching more minnows C
removing some martin houses D adding more
shelter for frogs
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34 According to this food web, which
of these is an omnivore? F Caterpillar G
Mouse H Ant J Fly larva
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35 The difference in the size of each
layer of this food pyramid is primarily the
result of the difference in F food choices
of individual niches G oceanic zones of
habitat H the amount of food energy at each
trophic level J the relative heights of the
organisms
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36 The picture shows a piece of
rotting wood. Which of these does the picture
demonstrate? F Photosynthesis occurring G
Wood regenerating H Decomposers growing J
Genes transforming
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37 If a single plant species is removed
from a food web, then most likely A an
animal species will fill the unoccupied niche B
other plants will produce enough food for
herbivores C dependent herbivores will have
to find new food sources D carnivores will be
unaffected by the loss
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38 The diagram shows a cross section
of a leaf from a plant that most likely A
grows in the desert B floats on a pond C
lives under trees D climbs up walls
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39 Which structure regulates gas
exchange during the processes of photosynthesis
and respiration? A Q B R C S D T
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40 This seed is best dispersed by
A water B birds C wind D
insects
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41 Which of these characteristics might
help a plant species survive in an area with
limited sunlight? F Bright flowers G
Large leaves H Short stems J Thick
cuticles
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42 Which of the following characteristics
could help short plants survive in areas with
limited sunlight? F Broad leaf surfaces G
Brightly colored flowers H Thick stems J
Shallow roots
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43 Some mesquite trees have deeper roots than
any other plant in the desert. How are deep
roots an adaptation for survival in the
desert? F Deep roots can protect the tree
from predators. G Roots encounter cooler
conditions far below the desert surface. H
Roots can extend great distances to reach
water. J Deep roots interact with beneficial
bacteria below the surface.
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44 Which of the following is an
adaptation most likely observed in plants
growing along Aransas Bay? A Sensitivity
to green light B Tolerance of saltwater C
Extension of root length D Resistance to
predation
Watersheds The San AntonioNueces Coastal Basin,
shown in the map below, consists mainly of
flatland. The soil in the area is mostly sandy
and porous. Rainfall that collects in this area
drains into the Gulf of Mexico by a series of
waterways. The San AntonioNueces Coastal Basin
is one of more than 20 major watersheds in Texas.
A watershed is a geographic area that drains
water collected on its surface. Watersheds
provide a way for water to move from areas of
higher elevation to areas of lower elevation.
Sediment and dissolved materials are also moved
to lower elevations. Rivers and streams form a
general pattern within a watershed. The map shows
this general pattern within the San
AntonioNueces Coastal Basin. This type of
pattern is called a dendritic pattern and can be
observed in many natural structures, including
the network of nerves in the human nervous system
and branching patterns in trees. Watersheds can
change as the geography and other features of an
area change. Some of the causes of change are
more obvious than others. For example, the
clearing of wooded areas for the construction of
buildings may change the way rainfall collects
and drains from an area.
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45 Cacti grow slowly compared to most other
plants. The fact that cacti keep their stomata
closed for much of the day can help explain this
growth characteristic. Which of these best
explains the advantage of keeping stomata
closed during the day? F It limits water loss
through transpiration. G It conserves oxygen
produced in photosynthesis. H It recycles
carbon dioxide within plant systems. J It
protects plant tissues from predators.
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Grade 10 Objective 3 Answer Key
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