Duck Production in India

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Duck Production in India
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Rationale

• Duck rearing in India is a traditional activity
  among rural poor Ducks are kept mainly for egg
  production
• Duck meat production is non-existent
• Duck cum Fish Farming on village ponds is very
  popular in South India

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Duck Population

• In 1987 India counted 23.5 million ducks
  representing 8.5 of Indias poultry population
• In 1994 India counted 18.7 million ducks
  representing 4.34 of Indias poultry population
• 92 of the total duck population are local ducks
  DESI, non-descriptive type, disease resistant,
  low body weight and 100-150 eggs/year

4
Local Distribution

• Duck rearing is concentrated in the
• Eastern North Eastern States Bihar, West Bengal
  Assam (in 1987 population of 18,799.000 ducks)
• Southern States Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andra
  Pradesh
• (in 1987 population of 1,914.000 ducks)

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Purpose of Duck keeping

• Ducks are considered as an important source of
• human food
• supplementary income
• and employment opportunities for rural farmers
  and enterprises who supply duck farmers with
  inputs and services such as hatching eggs,
  ducklings, feed mixes, transportation marketing

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Purpose of Duck keeping

• Ducks
• are providing organic manure for crops and fish
  tanks
• help to reduce diseases in cattle (Liver fluke
  and Nasal Schistosomiasis) by feeding on the
  population of snails serving as an intermediate
  host for the parasites causing these diseases)

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Duck Production Parameter

Price per duck in average US 2.36
Government subsidies 25 up to 40
return per bird/year US 2.40 to 4.06
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Duck Production Parameter

• Small schemes (extensive)
• flock size 5 to 200 ducks
• return (per bird/year) US 2.40
• Extensive i.e. free range system
• ducks are enclosed during the night in shelters,
  with enclosures made from bamboo
• eggs are collected in the morning and sold to
  middle-men

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Duck Production Parameter

• medium to large schemes
• flock size 1000 and more ducks
• return (per bird/year) US 4.06
• semi-intensive to intensive rearing
• prefabricated feed mixes, veterinary services,
  confinement, reduced labor costs per bird

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Manure Production
Livestock Live weight (kg) Dung Production (kg Dm per head/day) N content ( in mg) N Production year (kg) on dry matter basis
Buffalo 460 5.80 0.80 16.90
Cattle 350 4.40 0.73 11.70
Goat 20 0.30 1.32 1.50
Sheep 20 0.30 0.91 1.00
Chicken 2 0.05 3.90 0.07
Ducks 3 0.06 3.00 0.07
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Nitrogen Production
Livestock Manure Production (kg DM per Animal/Year) N Content () Livestock required to produce 174.7 kg of fish per 200 m² pond/year (No.) Livestock required to produce 8735 kg of fish per ha pond/year (No.)
Buffalo 750.0 1.1 1.7 85
Dairy Cow 784.0 2.2 0.8 40
Pig 178.0 1.9 8.2 410
Laying duck 20.6 2.5 26.7 1335
estimates based on equivalent nitrogen manure inputs to the fish pond estimates based on equivalent nitrogen manure inputs to the fish pond estimates based on equivalent nitrogen manure inputs to the fish pond estimates based on equivalent nitrogen manure inputs to the fish pond estimates based on equivalent nitrogen manure inputs to the fish pond
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Nutrient Content of Eggs Ducks
Chicken
adapted from Pingel, H. 1988
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References

• Dr. Sathe 1995 Smallholder Duck Rearing In
  India Proceedings of the 10th European
  Symposium on Waterfowl, March 26-31, 1995 Halle
  (Saale) Germany p. 42-44.
• Indian Poultry Industry Yearbook 1994. 10th ed.
  New Delhi, India.p.88.
• Nageswara, A.R. et al.,1997. Comparison of Growth
  Performances of Khaki Campbell, Indian Local
  Ducks and Their Reciprocal Crosses. Proceedings
  of the 11th European Symposium on Waterfowl,
  September 08-10, 1997 Nantes France p. 284-288
• Pingel, H. 1988. Enten. Bücher für
  Kleintierfreunde. VEB Deutscher
  Landwirtschaftsverlag Berlin. Germany

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Duck Production in India

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