Hydrogen (H)

1
Hydrogen (H)

• Discovered in 1766 by Henry Cavendish
• Pilatre de Rozier lost his eyebrows when he
  breathed in Hydrogen and blew it over a flame
• He found it was released when metals were put in
  Sulphuric acid
• Hydro means water
• It is the most abundant element in the universe
• When mixed with Oxygen it explodes, so it is used
  to fuel Rockets (like the Saturn 5)

Hydrogen is glowing red in the Orion Nebula
2
Oxygen (O)

• Discovered in 1774 by Joseph Priestly and Carl
  Wilhelm Scheele
• It is the most abundant element on Earth, but
  when the Earth was formed there was none of it
• One plants appeared they made it
• Oxygen does not burn, but it allows other things
  to burn in it
• It is stored in canisters for hospitals,
  aeroplanes and divers
• It allows people to fly at high altitudes where
  there is very little Oxygen

3
Carbon (C)

• One of the oldest known elements because it
  occurs in nature as Coal and Diamond

Left Cut Diamond Middle Graphite Right Uncut
Diamond
4
Carbon (2)

• Diamond is the hardest substance known to
  Scientists
• Carbon Monoxide is an extremely poisonous gas
• Living things are made of Carbon, Hydrogen,
  Oxygen and small amounts of Nitrogen
• Carbon Dioxide does not burn so it is used in
  fire extinguishers

5
Helium (He)

• Discovered in 1868 by Pierre Janssen

Helium is very light (not dense) so it is used
for balloons and Zeppelins It makes peoples
voice higher
It is the second most abundant element in the
universe Helios is Greek for the Sun where there
is lots of Helium
6
Nitrogen
7
Neon (Ne)

• Discovered in1898 by William Ramsay and Morris
  Travers
• It is colourless, but looks red when electricity
  is passed through it

8
Neon Lights
9
Magnesium (Mg)

• Discovered in 1775 by Joseph Black
• It reacts with acid, but not air or water
• Milk of Magnesia is Magnesium Hydroxide
• Epsom Salts are Magnesium Sulphate
• It is used in danger flares and fireworks

10
Chlorine (Cl)

• Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele
• It is a greenish- yellow gas
• It was used by the Germans as a chemical weapon
  in WW1
• Bleach contains Chlorine
• It is used to sterilize swimming pools

11
Gassed (1918) by John Sargant

• Gas!7 Gas! Quick, boys!   An ecstasy of
  fumbling,  Fitting the clumsy helmets just in
  time  But someone still was yelling out and
  stumbling,  And flound'ring like a man in fire
  or lime . . .  Dim, through the misty panes and
  thick green light,  As under a green sea, I saw
  him drowning.  In all my dreams, before my
  helpless sight,  He plunges at me, guttering,
  choking, drowning.  Dulce Et Decorum Est,
  Wilfred Owen

12
Iodine (I)

• Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois
• It is a blue- black solid
• Seaweed contains a lot of Iodine
• Iodine is produced in the thyroid glands of the
  body to make people grow
• Iodine can be used to seed clouds

13
Silver (Ag)

• Known since prehistoric times
• It is the best conductor of heat and electricity
• Hydrogen Sulphides (rotten eggs) tarnish Silver
• Old mirrors have Silver backs
• It is used for Jewellery, money etc.

14
Copper (Cu)

• Known since prehistoric times
• It is widely used because it does not rust, and
  it conducts electricity (second only to Silver)
  and heat
• It is used to make Copper coins
• It is used for Power cables and the electrical
  wiring in houses

15
Iron (Fe)

• Known since prehistoric times (the Iron age)
• Ferrum is latin for Iron
• It is one of the four magnetic metals
• Iron rusts in the presence of Oxygen and water
• It is found in meteorites along with Nickel
• Animals need it in their haemoglobin to allow
  Oxygen to be transported through the body
• A deficiency of Iron in the diet (not enough red
  meat) causes anaemia

16
Nickel (Ni)

• Discovered in 1751 by Axel Cronstedt
• A magnetic metal
• It is used to make coins (25 Nickel, 75 Copper)
• It dissolves in dilute Nitric acid
• It is found in meteorites

17
Cobalt (Co)

• Discovered in 1735 by George Brandt
• It is the third magnetic metal

The blue in this Sapphire is Cobalt
18
Calcium (Ca)

• Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy
• It is found in cement, marble, chalk and marble
• Calcium Carbonate is limestone
• Calcium Oxide (lime) is a neutralizer of soils
  and is added to cement and mortar
• Teeth and bones contain Calcium
• Small amounts of Calcium help the blood clot

19
Potassium (K)

• Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy
• Kalium is the latin for alkali
• It is a soft metal that can be cut with a knife
• It reacts violently with water
• Saltpetre is used in explosives, fireworks and
  red matches
• Potassium is in fertilizer and is needed for
  plants to grow

20
Sodium (Na)

• Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy
• It is a soft metal
• Sea/ table salt is Sodium Chloride
• Baking Soda is Sodium Carbonate

21
Sulphur (S)

• Known since prehistoric times
• It used to be called brimstone
• Hydrogen Sulphide smells like rotten eggs
• Sulhpur Dioxide has no smell, but is poisonous
  and forms acid rain
• Sulphuric acid is the strongest acid
• It is used to make matches

22
Silicon (Si)

• Discovered in 1824 by Baron Jöns Jakob Berzelius
• It is the second most common element on Earth
  (sand is Silicon Dioxide)
• Silicon chips are used in computers
• It is used to make glass
• Silica gel is put in new shoes to stop them
  smelling

23
Aluminium (Al)

• Discovered in 1825 by Hans Christian Oersted
• It was initially called Aluminum, but because he
  had discovered several elements and gave them
  names with ium at the end, he changed the name
  to Aluminium
• Americans still use Aluminum
• The french thought it was the new Silver and
  replaced their Silver cutlery with Aluminium
  knifes and forks
• It is the most abundant metal on the Earth
• It is very light for a metal (3 times lighter
  than Steel)
• It is used to make aeroplanes, cars, bikes, pots
  and pans, sandwich foils and Coke cans

24
Titanium (Ti)

• Discovered in 1791 by Willaim Gregor
• It is named after the mythological Greek Titans,
  because of its strength
• It is used in missiles and space capsules
• It is rarer than Aluminium making it more
  expensive

25
Chromium (Cr)

• Discovered in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
• They can be polished to look really shiny
• Used in alloy wheels
• It makes these wheels rust resistant, harder and
  stronger
• Stainless steel is 10 Chromium

26
Zinc (Zn)

• Known since prehistoric times
• Zinc is used to galvanize (strengthen) Steel
• Zinc Oxide is used in paints
• It is insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol
  and acids

27
Mercury (Hg)

• Known since prehistoric times
• In latin hydragyrum means liquid Silver
• The only liquid metal at room temperature
• The name is latin and means liquid silver
• It is also called quicksilver
• It melts at -39C
• Mercury is used in thermometers
• Breathing in Mercury vapour over time can cause
  brain, liver and kidney damage

28
Gold (Au)

• Known since prehistoric times
• Aurum is latin for Gold
• It is very unreactive
• It is malleable and ductile
• Gold is a rare metal, but it can be found as
  nuggets and flakes
• It is used for money and jewellery
• Dentists put in Gold fillings

29
Platinum (Pt)

• Discovered in 1735 by Antonio de Ulloa or Julius
  Scaliger
• It is inert and does not conduct electricity very
  well
• It is more valuable than Gold because it is rare
  and difficult to extract from its ore
• It is used for apparatus that are placed in high
  temperature
• It is also used to make jewellery

30
Lead (Pb)

• Known since prehistoric times
• The latin for Lead is plumbum (Pb)
• It was used to make water pipes in biblical times
• Unleaded petrol was created to stop Lead
  poisoning (discovered by Clair Patterson in the
  1920s)
• Lead is very dense and prevents radiation getting
  through it
• Lead is used to make batteries, X-ray vests, and
  for soldering, lining pipes and tanks and
  sheathing electrical cables

31
Phosphorous (P)

• Discovered in 1669 by Hennig Brand
• It is extremely poisonous
• It catches fire at 34C, so it has to be stored
  in water
• It is found in rocks, soil and even our bones as
  Phosphates
• Red match heads are made from Phosphorus