EU Activities on Hydrogen

1
EU Activities on Hydrogen

• Energy consumption and CO2 emission
• Alternative fuels development
• Hydrogen perspectives
• EU support to hydrogen development

2
Trends in Energy Consumption

EU-25 Baseline trends

• Oil remains main energy source
• Natural gas increases its share considerably
• Renewable energy sources remain at low level

3
Trends in CO2 Emissions

EU-25 Baseline trends

• CO2 emissions increase after 2010
• Electricity production and transport remain main
  emitters

4
EU Activities on Alternative Fuels

• EU activities on alternative fuels are part of a
  policy aiming at
• ? Security of energy supply (Energy Green Paper
  11/2000)
• ? Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Transpor
  t White Paper 9/2001)
• Energy efficiency and alternative fuels are
  complementary
• Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001)
• Biofuels, Natural gas, Hydrogen
• Contact Group Alternative Fuels (Report 12/2003)
• Expert assessment of market development
  perspectives of the main alternative fuels
• High Level Group Hydrogen (Report 5/2003)
• Vision of a hydrogen economy
• European Technology Platform on hydrogen and fuel
  cells(1/2004)
• Facilitator to research, development and
  deployment
• Research Framework Programmes with increasing
  efforts on hydrogen, fuel cells
• Research development demonstration projects
  (e.g. CUTE hydrogen bus project)

5
Alternative FuelsMarket Development Scenario
23
5
14
2
10
8
5
2
2
6
7
8
2
6
Contribution of Alternative Fuels

• 20 market share of alternative fuels provide
• Security of energy supply
• Substitution of 70 Megatonnes oil per year,
• ? Amount of total North Sea production in 2020
• Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
• Saving of 80 Megatonnes CO2 per year,
• ? Amount of about 10 of total transport
  emissions

7
Main Alternative Fuels- Perspectives and Issues
-

• Bio Fuels Domestic resource base mature for
  the broad market.
• ? economic incentives
• Broadening of resource base with synthetic
  biofuels.
• ? feedstock, logistics, pilot plants
• Natural gas Diversification of resource base
  potential for significant market share in the
  medium term.
• ? supply infrastructure, vehicle choice,
• economic incentives
• Hydrogen Potential for main energy carrier in
  the long term.
• ? broad research focused technical
  development
• integrated (lighthouse) demonstration
  projects

8
Alternative Fuels Contact Group

• Objective
• Technical and economic assessment of alternative
  motor fuels
• Priority on natural gas and hydrogen
• Biomass derived synthetic fuels
• and LPG included.
• Members of expert group
• Fuel suppliers, car manufacturers, consumers,
  research institutions, civil society

9
Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission- Hydrogen
and conventional Vehicles -
WTT Well-To-Tank TTW Tank-To-Wheels WTW
Well-To-Wheels

H2
H2

10
Hydrogen Economics

• Hydrogen fuel supply cost
• With most economic supply of hydrogen from
  natural gas steam reforming Twice the cost of
  petrol (/J).
• ? Economic with high efficiency fuel cell
  engine
• Hydrogen infrastructure cost
• With economic customer base for re-filling
  stations cost in the range of a few percent of
  the vehicle cost.
• ? Economic with staged build-up from clusters
• Hydrogen vehicle cost
• Presently very high costs of fuel cells and
  tanks
• ? Large reduction required

11
Investment Cost for H2 Infrastructure(10,000
filling stations)
reasonable utilized filling station
low utilized filling station
5 million vehicles
9 million vehicles
12
Fuel supply costper liter gasoline equivalent
incl. 10 kV distribution 1 cents/kWhe
LH2 El-4 4 cents/kWhel LH2 El-7 7
cents/kWhel LH2 El-10 10 cents/kWhel
incl. 0.4 kV distribution 3 cents/kWhe
gasoline
4 cents/kWh (HV)
7 cents/kWh (HV)
10 cents/kWh (HV)
CGH2 Electrolysis (onsite)
13
Co-Production of Hydrogen andSynthetic Fuels
from Biomass
Hydrogen Fuel
Synthesis gas
Production plants for synthetic fuels from
biomasse could allow co-production of Hydrogen /
liquid Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) fuels
14
EU Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research
and Development
Support in Framework Programmes FP2-FP6
(1986-2006)
(M)
15
EU Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research
and Development

• Fifth Framework Programme (1998-2002) 145 M
• (About 70 projects)
• Sixth Framework Programme contracts in 2004 100
  M
• (16 new projects)
• New calls with Community funding in 2005 150
  M
• (Evaluation in February 2005)
• Growth Initiative Quick Start Projects
  2004-2015 2.8 b
• (European Council 12 December 2003)

16
EU funded Hydrogen Projectsin Sixth Framework
Programme

• Contracts awarded 2003-2004
• Hydrogen production 5 projects
• Hydrogen storage 1 projects
• Safety, regulations, codes, standards 2
  projects
• Hydrogen pathways 7 projects
• Hydrogen end-use 3 projects

17
Hydrogen Demonstration Project CUTE - Clean Urban
Transport for Europe

• 27 hydrogen powered buses
• Demonstration in 9 European cities (Porto,
  Madrid, Barcelona, London, Luxembourg, Hamburg,
  Stuttgart, Amsterdam and Stockholm)
• Production, distribution and refueling
• Exploring the potential of renewables as primary
  energy source
• Co-operation with Iceland (ECTOS) and Australia
  (STEP)

http//www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/index.html
18
European Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology
Platform
19
European Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Technology
Platform

• Expected deliverables
• Strategic Research Agenda (March 2005)
• Deployment Strategy (March 2005)
• European Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
• Proposals for Public-Private Partnerships
• Framework for Platform / policy making
  interaction
• Strategy for international cooperation

20
Future European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research
and Development Programme

• Seventh RTD Framework Programme
• Period 2007-2013
• Budget proposal Doubling of Sixth Framework
  funds
• Strategic Orientientation COM(2004)353 of 16
  June 2004
• Time schedule
• Framework programme proposal Spring 2005
• Work programme proposal Autumn 2005
• Adoption of both programmes Summer 2006
• First calls for project proposals End 2006
• New Element Joint Technology Initiative
• Large-scale public-private partnerships
  involving high investments,
• New integrated approach to RTD,
• Legal, technical, managerial frameworks
  required.