( Roundworms)

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???????????
( Roundworms)
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Phylum Nematoda Nematodes ???? Round worms
??????????? ( Roundworms)
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????????????? (General Characteristics of
Nematodes)
1. ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????????
?????? 1 mm ????????? ?????? 1 m 2.
??????????????? (unsegmented) 3. ????????? (body
wall) 3 ???? 4. ????????????????? (body
cavity) 5. ????????????????????? 6. ??????
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???? 1 mm 1 m ????????? 3 ???? 1.
?????????? (Cuticle) - ????? nucleus -
??????????? ???? ????? ???????????? -
?????????? collagen , carbohydrate ??? lipid -
??????????????? (sensory papillae) ?????????
??? ?? ??? ???
???????????? (General Morphology)
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2. ???????? (Epithelial layer) - ??????????
syncytium fiber - ?? nucleus ???????????? -
?????????????????????????? (cord) 4 ???
???????????? body cavity ????? longitudinal
line (???????????????????????????? nematode)
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3. ????????? (Dermo-muscular layer) -
????????????????????????????????
????????????????? - ???????? 4 ????????
longitudinal line
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???????????????? (Alimentary system)
- ????????????????????????? ??? anus -
??? ???????????????? buccal cavity ?? lip
???? teeth (cutting plate) ?????? -
????????????????????????? ??? ???
esophagus intestine rectum
anus - esophagus ???????????????? ?????
Stichosome ???????? ???? Trichinellidae
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????????????? (Reproductive system)

• - ??????
• ?????? ??????????
• Testes Vas deferens Seminal
  vessicle
• Ejeculatory duct
  ???????
• Cloaca (?????? subterminal ???? ventral)

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- ??????? ?????????? Ovary
Oviduct Seminal receptacle
Uterus Ovijector Vagina
???? ??? Vulva (?????????? anterior
???? ventral) - ??????????????????????? 2
????????????? ??? ???? Ascaris
(?????????????) Ancylostoma duodenale
(??????????)
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?????????? (Nervous system) - Nerve trunk 6
???? - Nerve ???????? ??? ????? esophagus
(circum esophageal ring) ????????? ????
nerve center ?????????
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??????????? (Excretory system) - ??????????
collecting tubules ??????? ????????? ???????
lateral ?????? 1 ??? - ????? gland cell 1
??? - Excretory canal ????????? excretory
pore ?????? midventral ???? anterior end
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• ??? (Egg)
• ??????????????? 3 ????
• 1. ??????? (Albuminus coating)
• - ???????? ???? ??????
• - ??????

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2. ???????? (True shell) -
???????????????? - ???? Chitin 3. ??????
(Vitelline membrane , Fertilization
membrane) - ???? membrane ???? - ????
Lipoidal substance
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??????? (Life cycle) - ????????????? (??????
Unembryonated egg ??? Embryonated egg) -
????????????? (Larva) - ??????????????
Intermediate host ??? ??????????????
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• ????????? (Mode of infection)
• ?????????
• ???????????????????
• - ????????????? Route of migration ???
• ????????????????? ???? ?? lung migration

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- ??????????????????????????? ????????
?????? ????????????????? anus ??????????????
? ????? ??????????????
??????? ?????????????????????? ???????
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??????????????????????????????????????? ???? 2
??? ??? 1. ???????????????????????????
(Intestinal Nematodes) 2. ??????????????????????
???????? ???????????????????????????
????????? (Tissue-inhabiting
Nematodes)
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1. ??????????????????? (Intestinal)
Small intestine only - Ascaris
lumbricoides (Common roundworm) - Ancylostoma
duodenale (The old world hook worm) - Necator
americanus (American hookworm) - Strongyloides
stercoralis - Trichinella spiralis (Trichina
worm) - Capillaria philippinensis
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Caecum and Vermiform Appendix - Enterobius
vermicularis (Threadworm or
Pinworm) - Trichuris trichiura (Whipworm)
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2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ?
??????????? (Inside the tissues and organs)
Lymphatic System - Wuchereria bancrofti -
Brugia malayi Subcutaneous Tissues -
Loa loa (African eye worm) - Onchocerca
volvulus - Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm)
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Lungs - Strongyloides stercoralis Mesentery -
Dipetalonema perstans - Mansonella
ozzardi Conjunctiva - Loa loa (K.D. Chatterjee,
1980 p. 159)
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????????????????????????????????????? (Terms
used in the description of nematodes)
Cuticle ????????????????????? ????????
Non-cellular hyaline layer
Papillae ???????????????????????????????
?????????? Cervicle ????
caudal ????? Buccal capsule ??????? Hypodermis
??????????????????????????????????????
(Epidermis) ??????????????????????????
?
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Bacillary band ?????????????????????????? ????
??? Trichinelloidea
???? somatic
muscle cell ???? muscle fiber ?????
???????????? ? ?????????????
?????????????????
Hypodermis Plathymyarian ???? Somatic cell ????
muscle fiber ????
????????? Hypodermis Meromyarian ????????????????
??? ?????? cell 2-3 cell
??????????????????????????????
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Amphid ???? sensory receptor ???????? anterior
end Phasmid ???? sensory receptor ???????
posterior end Spicule ????????????????????????????
????? ?? ?????????????????
Copulatory bursa ???????????? ? ??? cuticle
?????????
???????????????? posterior end ???
?????? (????????????????????????
???????) Gubernaculum ?????????????????????
cloaca ???????????
?? spicule ????????????????
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Cloaca ?????????????? Rectum ??? Genital
tract Stichosome ???? glandular cells
(Stichocytes) ????????????
???????????????? oesophagus ???????
Trichinelloidea Pseudocoelom
(Pseudocoel) ???? Body cavity ???????

???????????????????
?????????
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Esophagus (Pharynx) ???????????????????????? ?
??????? Corpus ????????????????????
(oesophagus) ????? Rhabditi ??????????
procorpus ???
metacorpus Isthmus ???????????
oesophagus Bulb ??????????????? oesophagus
?????????? Didelphic (Bicornate) ????????????????
? 2 ???
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Monodelphic ???????????? ???????????????????????
??Viviparous ??????????????????? Oviparous ????
??????????????? Parthenogenesis ????????????
?????????????????????? ??? sperm Autoinfection
???????????????????????
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Retroinfection ???????????????? Autoinfection
????????????????????????????? Anus
????????????????????????? ???????
?????????????????? Rhabditiform
larva ??????????????????? ?????? oesophagus
????????????????? ??? posterior
end Filariform larva ????????????????
oesophagus ??? ??????????????????? posterior
end
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Paratenic ???? transpot host ?????????????? ??
????????????????????????????? Periodicity ??????
????????????????????? ????????????????????????
???? ?? microfilaria ????????????Nocturnal
periodicity ????????? microfilaria
?? ???????????????????????Diurnal
periodicity ????????? microfilaria
?? ???????????????????????Subperiodicity ??
microfilaria ??????? 24 ???????
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?????????????
????? ?????? ?????? 2536 ??????????????
?????????????? ?????????
??????????????????? ????????????????
???????? ???? 3-25 ?????? ???? 2539
????????????????????? ???????????
????????? ?????????????? ????????????????????
???? 159 - 264 ??????? ????????
?????????? ????????? 2535 ?????????????
???????? ?????????????? ????????????????
???????? ???? 200 - 281
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Ash,L.R. and Orihel, T.C. 1984. Atlas of Human
Parasitology. 2nd edition American
Society of Clinical Parthologists
Press, Chicago. 212 pages. Beaver, P.C. Jung,
R.C. and Cupp, E.W. 1984. Clinical Para
sitology. Lea Febiger, Philadelphia. 406 -
412. Chatterjee, K.D. 1980. Parasitology
Protozoology and Helminthology.
Chatterjee Medical Publishers, calcutta.
159.
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