Animal Diversity

1
Animal Diversity
2
Figure 32.4 A traditional view of animal
diversity based on body-plan grades
3
Figure 32.8 Animal phylogeny based on sequencing
of SSU-rRNA
4
Figure 32.5 Body symmetry
5
Figure 32.13x Burgess Shale fossils
6
Figure 32.13 A sample of some of the animals
that evolved during the Cambrian explosion
7
Figure 33.1 Review of animal phylogeny
8
Phylum Porifera

• Sponges
• colony of flagellated cells
• individual cells can potentially regenerate into
  a new individual

9
Figure 33.3 Anatomy of a sponge
10
Radial
11
Phylum Cnidaria

• Hydras, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals
• gastrovascular cavity
• stinging cells
• Radiata

12
Figure 33.4 Polyp and medusa forms of cnidarians
13
Figure 33.5 A cnidocyte of a hydra
14
Table 33.1 Classes of Phylum Cnidaria
15
Phylum Ctenophora

• Comb jellies
• comblike ciliary plates
• gastrovascular cavity
• Radiata

16
Bilateral
17
Figure 32.6 Body plans of the bilateria
18
Phylum Platyhelminthes

• Flatworms
• dorsoventrally flattened
• no segmentation
• gastrovascular cavity
• bilateral, no coelom, protostome

19
Table 33.2 Classes of Phylum Platyhelminthes
20
Figure 33.10 Anatomy of a planarian
21
Figure 33.12 Anatomy of a tapeworm
22
Phylum Rotifera

• Ciliated crown
• no digestive system
• bilateral, pseudocoelomates, protostome

23
Figure 33.13 A rotifer
24
Phylum Nematoda

• Roundworms
• unsegmented
• no circulatory system
• bilateral, pseudocoelomate, protostome

25
Figure 33.25a Free-living nematode
26
Lophophorates - several phyla

• Bryozoans, lampshells (brachiopods)
• bilateral, coelomate, protostome

27
Figure 33.14 Lophophorates Bryozoan (left),
brachiopod (right)
28
Phylum Mollusca

• Clams, snails, squids
• foot, visceral mass, mantle
• bilateral, coelomate, protostome

29
Figure 33.16 Basic body plan of mollusks
30
Table 33.3 Major Classes of Phylum Mollusca
31
Figure 33.18 The results of torsion in a
gastropod
32
Figure 33.21 Anatomy of a clam
33
Phylum Annelida

• Segmented worms
• bilateral, coelomate, protostome

34
Figure 33.23 Anatomy of an earthworm
35
Table 33.4 Classes of Phylum Annelida
36
Phylum Arthropoda

• Crustaceans, insects, spiders
• segmented body, jointed appendages, exoskeleton
• bilateral, coelomate, protostome

37
Figure 33.26 External anatomy of an arthropod
38
Table 33.5 Some Major Arthropod Classes
39
Figure 33.30b Spider anatomy
40
Figure 33.33 Anatomy of a grasshopper, an insect
41
BilateralDeuterostomes
42
Figure 32.7 A comparison of early development in
protostomes and deuterostomes
43
Phylum Echinodermata

• Starfish, sea urchins
• bilateral, coelomate, deuterostome

44
Figure 33.38 Anatomy of a sea star
45
Phylum Chordata

• Lancelets, tunicates, vertebrates
• notochord, nerve cord
• bilateral, coelomate, deuterostome

46
Figure 34.2 Chordate characteristics
47
Figure 34.3 Subphylum Urochordata a tunicate
48
Figure 34.4a Subphylum Cephalochordata lancelet
anatomy
49
Table 33.7 Animal phyla