World Geography Chapter 1

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World GeographyChapter 1 2
Ch. 1 Studying Geography
Ch. 2 Earth In Space
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Geography

• Geography the study of everything on earth.
• 2 main branches of Geography
• Human Geography
• The study of how people and their activities vary
  from place to place.
• Physical Geography
• The study of how Earths natural features vary
  from place to place.

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Uses of Geography

• Cartography
• The branch of geography that studies maps and
  mapmaking.
• Computers have revolutionized map production.
• The U.S. Geological Survey is the largest
  employer of cartographers.
• Meteorology
• The field of geography that specializes in
  weather and weather forecasting.
• The person providing information on the nightly
  news is a meteorologist.

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The Six essential elements

• 1.    The World in Spatial Terms
• a.     Focus on special perspective.
• 2.    Places and Regions
• a.     How we perceive various regions
• 3.    Physical Systems
• a.     The Earths Physical features (mountains,
  oceans, hurricanes)
• 4.    Human Systems
• a.     All about the people
• 5.    Environment and society
• a.     How we interact with the environment
• 6.    The Uses of Geography
• a.     Helps us to understand relationships among
  different peoples past and present as well as the
  physical make up of our planet.

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Geography Terms

• Grid Pattern of lines that circle the globe in
  east-west and north-south directions.
• Latitude lines drawn in an east-west direction
  and measure distance north south of the equator
  
• Longitude lines of longitude are drawn in a
  north-south direction and measure distance east
  and west of the Prime Meridian.
• Equator imaginary line that circles the globe
  halfway between the North Pole South Pole.

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Geography Terms

• Parallels Another name for lines of latitude.
  They are always parallel to the equator.
  Parallels north of the equator are labeled with
  an N, and those south of the equator are labeled
  with an S.
• Meridians Another name for lines of longitude.
• Prime Meridian imaginary line that runs through
  Greenwich, England, from the North Pole to the
  South Pole.
• Degrees Measurement used when using latitude
  longitude. Symbol for degrees is . Degrees
  are further divided into minutes, for which the
  symbol is . There are 60 minutes in a degree.

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Geography Terms

• Hemispheres The world is divided into 4
  hemispheres. The equator divides the earth into
  a Northern Southern Hemisphere. The Prime
  Meridian divides the earth into a Eastern
  Western Hemispheres.
• Continents The earths land surfaces are
  organized into 7 continents. North America,
  South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia,
  and Antarctica.
• Oceans The largest division of water surfaces.
  There are 4 major oceans. Atlantic Ocean,
  Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean.

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Geography Terms

• Hemispheres The world is divided into 4
  hemispheres. The equator divides the earth into
  a Northern Southern Hemisphere. The Prime
  Meridian divides the earth into a Eastern
  Western Hemispheres.
• Continents The earths land surfaces are
  organized into 7 continents. North America,
  South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia,
  and Antarctica.
• Oceans The largest division of water surfaces.
  There are 4 major oceans. Atlantic Ocean,
  Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, Arctic Ocean.

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Maps

• Atlas book of maps.
• Map Projection projecting round earth on a flat
  map.
• Types of Maps
• Physical, Political, Special Purpose, etc.
• Map Tools
• Directional Indicator shows which directions
  are north, south, east, west.
• Compass Rose A directional indicator that has
  arrows that point to all four principal
  directions.
• Scales used to represent distances between
  points on a map.
• Legend or Key explains what the symbols on the
  map represent.

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Solar System

• The Solar system is the sun and the group of
  bodies that revolve around it.
• Almost all of Earths energy comes form the sun
• Satellites A body that orbits a larger body.
  Moons are natural satellites

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Solar System

• The Solar system is the sun and the group of
  bodies that revolve around it.
• Almost all of Earths energy comes form the sun
• Satellites A body that orbits a larger body.
  Moons are natural satellites

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The Sun, the Earth, and the Moon

• The diameter of the Earth is about 8,000 miles.
• The diameter of the Sun is about 865,000 miles.

• The Moon is 240,000 miles from the Earth.
• The Earths orbit averages about 93 million miles
  from the Sun.

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The Sun, the Earth, and the Moon

• The diameter of the Earth is about 8,000 miles.
• The diameter of the Sun is about 865,000 miles.

• The Moon is 240,000 miles from the Earth.
• The Earths orbit averages about 93 million miles
  from the Sun.

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The Solar System

• Rotation
• One complete spin of the Earth on its axis.
  Takes 24 hours.
• Solar energy hits only the half of the earth that
  is facing the sun.
• Revolution
• Earths movement around the sun. Takes 365 ¼ days
  to complete one revolution.
• Earths Tilt
• Earth is tilted at 23 ½ degree angle.
• North polar axis always points towards the North
  Star.

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Seasons

• Tropics low latitude areas near the equator
  that receives great amounts of solar energy year
  round.
• Polar Regions high latitude areas that are cold
  most of the year, because they do not receive
  great amounts of solar energy.
• Seasons Northern and Southern Hemispheres have
  opposite seasons, because they receive direct
  solar rays at different times of the year (due to
  tilt of earth).
• Solstice occurs twice a year. Time when earths
  poles point toward or away from the sun more than
  at any other time. (Occur around Dec. 21 June
  21)
• Tropic of Capricorn Latitude in S. Hemisphere.
  Receives suns most direct rays during the
  December Solstice.
• Tropic of Cancer Latitude in N. Hemisphere.
  Receives suns most direct rays during the June
  Solstice.
• Equinox Occurs twice a year. Earths poles are
  not pointed toward or away from the sun. Night
  and day are equal (12 hours each). Occurs around
  March 21 Sept. 22

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Seasons
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Solstice
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Tides
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The Earth System

• Earth System Interactions of elements on and
  around our planet
• Broken into 4 parts
• Atmosphere layer of gases that surround earth
• Lithosphere Surface of the planet
• Hydrosphere all the water of the planet
• Biosphere Part of the earth where all plant and
  animal life exists

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The Earth System