Chapter 12 Project Procurement Management and Outsourcing

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Chapter 12Project Procurement Management and
Outsourcing
2
Learning Objectives

• ?????? PMBOK area ??????????? Project
  Procurement Management.
• ?????? 6 ????????? ????????????????? Project
  Procurement Management.
• ?????? three general categories ??????
  procurement-type contracts.
• ?????????????? outsourcing, business process
  outsourcing, and offshoring.
• ?????????????????? ??????????? outsource
  ?????????????????????????????????????? (project
  component)
• ??????????????????????????? outsourcing
• ???????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? outsourcing

3
Project Procurement Management

• ?????? 1 ?? 9 ??? PMBOK areas
• ?????????????????? (acquisition) ???
  ????????????????????? products ??? services
  ????????????
• Project teams ??????? resource ?????? ??? ???? ?
  ?????????????????????????????
• ???? office supplies, technology, printing
  services, etc.
• ???????????? outsource ???????? business
  functions ??? business processes
• ???? data centers, call centers, accounting
  functions, and projects
• Outsourcing ???????????????????? subcontracting
• Project teams ?????? outsourcing ???? buyers ???
  sellers

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Project Procurement Management PMBOK Definition

• ????????? Contract management ???
  ??????????????????????? ???????administer
  contracts ???? purchase orders ???????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? Project Procurement
  Management ????????? ?????????????? ?
  ????????????????????? (?????????????, ??????????)
  ????????????????????? (??????) ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????

5
Project Procurement Management Processes
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Summary of Project Procurement Processes
Plan Purchases and Acquisitions ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
Plan Contracting ???????????????????? product, services, ??? results ????????? ????????????????????????????????? sellers, vendors, suppliers, contractors, subcontractors, ???? service providers .
Request Seller Responses ?????????????????????, quotes, proposals, literature, ??? ???????????? ? ??? potential sellers ???? service providers.
Select Sellers ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? seller ????????product ???? service ???? ?
Contract Administration ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? sellers performance, contract changes, ??? taking corrective action ???????????
Contract Closure Completing and settling each contract after any open items or settlements are resolved.
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Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Purchases and
Acquisition

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? project team ?????????? ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???
• ??????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ??? products ???? services ???????????????????????
  ??

8
Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Purchases and
Acquisition

• ????????????????????????
• Project scope
• ???????????? products ??? services ??????
• ??????
• ??????
• Terms and Conditions
• ????????????????????? project team
• ???????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????
  ?? make ???? buy

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Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Purchases and
Acquisition

• Make or Buy Decision
• ??????????????????????????????????????????? 2
  ?????????????????????????????? ? ????
• Payback
• ROI
• Net Present Value
• Scoring Model
• ??????????????????????????????????????????? 8
  ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????? ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

10
Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Contracting

• ????????????????????????????????? (procurement
  document) ???? ??????????????????? (request for
  proposal, RFP) ????????????????? bids, quotes,
  ???? ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????
  ????????????? ? ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• ???????????? ?????? sellers expertise,
  experience, capability, ??? references
  ???????????

11
Project Procurement ProcessesRequest Seller
Responses

• ??????????????????????????????????? reasonable
  number of high-quality, competitive proposals
• ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????? ???
• ???????? conferences ????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????, trade journals, ???? Web
• ????????? potential seller ??????
• ????????????????????????????????? product ????
  service ???? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????

12
Project Procurement ProcessesSelect Sellers

• ??????????? bids, proposals, ???? quotations ????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????? Purchases ???
  Acquisition ?????
• ?????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ? ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? terms and conditions
  ???????????????????????
• ????? (contract) ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ?????????????
  specific products, services, ???? results
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ? ??????????

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Categories for Procurement-Type Contracts

• 1) Fixed-Price ???? Lump-Sum Contracts
• ??? fixed total price ????????? well-defined
  product ???? service.
• ????????? ???????????????????? certain
  performance objectives ???? ??????????????????????
  objective ???????????
• 2) Cost reimbursable contracts
• ??? ??????????????????????????????? actual direct
  costs (???? labor, materials, etc.) ??? indirect
  costs (i.e., admin. salaries, rent, utilities,
  etc.)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????

14
????????

• Cost Reimbursement
• Payment of direct costs and directly associated
  overhead costs, but without any allowance for
  profit.
• Cost Reimbursable Contract
• A contract that provides for payment of
  allowable incurred costs, to the extent
  prescribed in the contract. These contracts
  establish an estimate of total cost for the
  purpose of obligating funds and establishing a
  ceiling that the contractor may not exceed
  (except at its own risk) without the approval of
  the Contracting Officer.
• Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts
• A category of contracts based on payments to a
  contractor for allowable estimated costs,
  normally requiring only a "best efforts"
  performance standard from the contractor. Risk
  for all growth over the estimated value rests
  with the project owner

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Types of Cost-Reimbursable Contracts

• ????????? Cost-reimbursable contract
• Cost-Plus- Fee (CPF) ???? Cost-Plus-Percentage
  (CPPC)
• Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
• Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
• Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF) ???? Cost-Plus-Percentage
  Cost (CPPC)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????
• Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
• ?????????????????????????? (reimburse) ??????
  total direct ??? indirect costs ??????????
  ??????????????????????????? (fixed amount)
  ????????????? ?????????? projects scope
  ????????????????

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Types of Cost-Reimbursable Contracts

• Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? predetermined fee ?????? incentive
  bonus ?????????????????????????????
• Contract Types Versus Risk

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Categories for Procurement-Type Contracts

• 3) Time and Materials (TM) Contracts
• ???????????????? cost-reimbursable ???
  fixed-price contracts ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? time ??? materials
  ?????????????????????????????
• ?????? cost-reimbursable contract ????????
  ??????????????????????( open-ended)??? full cost
  ??????????????????????
• ????????? fixed-price contract ???????????????????
  ?????
• 4) Unit price contracts
• Require the buyer to pay the seller a
  predetermined amount per unit of service.

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Statement of Work (SOW) Template
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Project Procurement ProcessesContract
Administration

• Signed contract ??????? ??????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?
• ????????? contract administration ??????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

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Contract Administration Includes

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ?????? contractors performance ???????? scope,
  schedule, budget, ??? quality
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ?????? ??????? ???????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????? sellers performance
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? corrective action
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

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Project Procurement ProcessesContract Closure

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ????????? updating records ???????????????????????
  ??? ???????????????????????????????????? ???
  ???????????????????? ?
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????? lessons
  learned ????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????? best practices ???

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Outsourcing

• ???????????? products ???? services ??? vendor,
  supplier, ???? manufacturer ???????????????????
• ????? ??????????????????????????????
  (outsourcing) ?????????????????? project
  procurement management
• ???????????? outsourcing ?????????????????????????
  ????? (strategy) ??????? ????????????? project
  procurement management ??????????????? (tactical)
  ???????

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The Outsourcing Phenomenon

• ????????? 1989 ????? Eastman Kodak Company ??
  Rochester, NY, ?????????????? 10 ??, 250 million
  ????? outsource ??? IT function ????????????? IBM
• ????? 1 ??, ????????? Kodak ???? 95, PC support
  costs ?????????? 5-10, mainframe costs
  ?????????? 10-15
• Kodak ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? outsourcing ??????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????? outsource ???
  IT function ???????
• ????? ???? ? ?????????????????????????? outsource
  ????????????? IT ?????????? ?????????????????????
  core competencies, cost savings, ??? strategic
  partnerships ??? IT vendors
• ???? 2000, IT ???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? 54 ??? IT services ?? North
  America ??? outsource
• Momentum is expected to continue in the U.S. and
  Europe

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Types of Outsourcing Relationships

• Business Process Outsourcing
• ??????????????????????????? ? (??????????? IT) ??
  outsource ????
• ???? Accounting, Human Resources, RD, etc.
• Offshoring
• ??? Outsource ??????????????? ?
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  (??????????????????????????????????)

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Approaches to Outsourcing

• ???????????????????? outsource ???????????????????
  ?????? project manager ??? team ?????????????
• Full-Insourcing
• ?????????????????????? product ??? service
  ??????? ???????????
• Full-Outsourcing
• Product ??? service ??????????????????????????????
  ???????
• Selective Outsourcing
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? outsource ??? ?????????????????????????

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Outsourcing Model
The project team is responsible for all
project processes delivery of the projects
scope
All of the project processes delivery of the
projects scope is the responsibility of external
sources
Provides the most flexibility because some
project processes and scope are done internally
by the project team, while others are
outsourced externally.
Figure 12.1
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Realities of Outsourcing

• ????????????? Kodak ???????? ??? outsource
  ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?? IT professionals
• ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  offshore ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  (????????????????? outsource) ????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ?
• ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ??? outsource ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

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Realities of Outsourcing

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????? outsourcing relationships
• ???????????? Peter F. Drucker (2002) ????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????????? ? ???????? ???????????????
  outsource ??????? ????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????? knowledge
  economy

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Managing the Outsourcing Relationship

• ???????????????????? Deloitte Consulting
  ?????????????? 70 ??? 25 ????????????????????????
  ???? ???????????????????????????????? (negative
  experience) ????????????? outsource ?????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ????????????????????? ??? outsource
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ?????????? project management ?????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????????

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7 Deadly Sins of Outsourcing Activities and
Projects

1. ??????????? ? ??????????????? Outsource
   ??????????????????
2. ???????? vendor ???
3. ???????????????????
4. ??????? personnel issues
5. ???????????????? outsourced activity
6. ??????????????????????????????????? outsource
7. ????????????????????????????? (Failing to plan an
   exit strategy)

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???????? 12

• ????? ..