Managing Project Procurement and Outsourcing

1
Chapter 12

• Managing Project Procurement and Outsourcing
• ????????????????????????????????????????????

2
Learning Objectives

• ?????? PMBOK area ??????????? ???????????????????
  ????????? (Project Procurement Management)
• ?????? 6 ????????? ????????????????? Project
  Procurement Management.
• ?????? three general categories ??????
  procurement-type contracts.
• ?????????????? outsourcing, business process
  outsourcing, and offshoring.
• ?????????????????? ??????????? outsource
  ?????????????????????????????????????? (project
  component)
• ??????????????????????????? outsourcing
• ???????????? ? ???????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? outsourcing

3
???????????????????????????? (Project Procurement
Management)

• ?????? 1 ?? 9 ??? PMBOK areas
• ?????????????????? (acquisition) ???
  ??????????????????????????????????????????(service
  s)????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???? ?
  ?????????????????????????????
• ???? office supplies, technology, printing
  services, etc.
• ?????????????????????? (outsource)
  ????????????????????????? (business functions)
  ????????????????????? (business processes)
• ???? data centers, call centers, accounting
  functions, and projects
• ?????????????????????????????????
  subcontracting
• ????????????????????????????????????????????
  (buyers) ??? ?????? (sellers)

4
???????????????????????????? ????????????????
PMBOK

• ?????????????????????????? (Contract management)
  ??? ??????????????????????? ??????? administer
  contracts ???? ?????????? (purchase orders)
  ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ? ?????????????????????
  (?????????????, ??????????) ?????????????????????
  (??????) ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????

5
Summary of Project Procurement Processes
Plan Purchases and Acquisitions ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
Plan Contracting ???????????????????? product, services, ??? results ????????? ????????????????????????????????? sellers, vendors, suppliers, contractors, subcontractors, ???? service providers .
Request Seller Responses ?????????????????????, quotes, proposals, literature, ??? ???????????? ? ??? potential sellers ???? service providers.
Select Sellers ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? seller ????????product ???? service ???? ?
Contract Administration ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? sellers performance, contract changes, ??? taking corrective action ???????????
Contract Closure Completing and settling each contract after any open items or settlements are resolved.
6
Project Procurement Processes????????????????????
? (Plan Purchases and Acquisition)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????? project team ?????????? ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???
• ??????????????
• ???????????
• ?????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????

7
Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Purchases and
Acquisition

• ????????????????????????
• ?????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
• ??????
• ??????
• ??????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ? ???????????????????????????
  ?? ??????? (make) ???? ?????? (buy)

8
Project Procurement ProcessesPlan Purchases and
Acquisition

• ?????????????? ??????? ???? ??????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????? 2
  ?????????????????????????????? ? ????
• Payback
• ROI
• Net Present Value
• Scoring Model
• ??????????????????????????????????????????? 8
  ???????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????? ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

9
Project Procurement Processes???????????????
(Plan Contracting)

• ????????????????????????????????? (procurement
  document) ???? ??????????????????? (request for
  proposal, RFP) ????????????????? bids, quotes,
  ???? ?????????????????????????
• ????????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????
  ????????????? ? ?????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• ???????????? ?????? sellers expertise,
  experience, capability, ??? references
  ???????????

10
Project Procurement Processes????????????????????
?? (Request Seller Responses)

• ?????????????????????????????????????????????
  reasonable number of high-quality, competitive
  proposals
• ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????? ???
• ???????? conferences ????????? ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????, trade journals, ???? Web
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????????????????????????????????????????? ????
  ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????

11
Project Procurement Processes??????????? (Select
Sellers)

• ????????????????????, ?????????? ????
  ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????
• ?????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ? ???????????????????????
• ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ????? (contract) ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? ? ??????????

12
Categories for Procurement-Type Contracts

• 1) ????????????????????? (Fixed-Price) ????
  ???????????? (Lump-Sum)
• ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????
• ??????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? ???? ???????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????? (???? ??????????????????????????
  ???????)
• ????????????? ? ?????
• Price Cost Markup (Profit, Tax, Overhead,
  Risk)

13

• 2) ?????????????????????????????? (Cost
  reimbursable)
• ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? (actual direct costs) (???? labor,
  materials, etc.) ???????????????????? (indirect
  costs) (i.e., admin. salaries, rent, utilities,
  etc.)
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???? ?????????????????????????????????????

14
????????

• Cost Reimbursement
• Payment of direct costs and directly associated
  overhead costs, but without any allowance for
  profit.
• Cost Reimbursable Contract
• A contract that provides for payment of
  allowable incurred costs, to the extent
  prescribed in the contract. These contracts
  establish an estimate of total cost for the
  purpose of obligating funds and establishing a
  ceiling that the contractor may not exceed
  (except at its own risk) without the approval of
  the Contracting Officer.
• Cost Reimbursement Type Contracts
• A category of contracts based on payments to a
  contractor for allowable estimated costs,
  normally requiring only a "best efforts"
  performance standard from the contractor. Risk
  for all growth over the estimated value rests
  with the project owner

15
Types of Cost-Reimbursable Contracts

• ????????? Cost-reimbursable contract
• 1) Cost-Plus- Fee (CPF) ???? Cost-Plus-Percentage
  (CPPC)
• 2) Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
• 3) Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)

16

• 1) Cost-Plus-Fee (CPF) ???? Cost-Plus-Percentage
  Cost (CPPC)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????
• Cost plus (fluctuated) fee
• Price Cost Amount of fee (depending on
  fluctuation of project cost)
• Cost plus percentage (fluctuated) fee
• Price Cost Amount of fee (depending on
  fluctuation of project cost but calculate based
  on percentage of cost)

17

• 2) Cost-Plus-Fixed-Fee (CPFF)
• ?????????????????????????? (reimburse) ??????
  total direct ??? indirect costs ??????????
  ??????????????????????????? (fixed amount)
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????
• Cost plus fixed fee,
• Price Cost Specified amount of fixed fee

18

• 3) Cost-Plus-Incentive-Fee (CPIF)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? predetermined fee ?????? incentive
  bonus ?????????????????????????????
• Cost plus incentive fee,
• Price Cost predetermine fixed fee
  incentive bonus (?????????????? ????????)

19
Types of Cost-Reimbursable Contracts

• Contract Types Versus Risk

20
Categories for Procurement-Type Contracts

• 3) ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??? (Time and Materials (TM) Contracts)
• ???????????????? cost-reimbursable ???
  fixed-price contracts ????????????????????
• ???????????????????????? time ??? materials
  ?????????????????????????????
• ?????? cost-reimbursable contract ????????
  ??????????????????????( open-ended)???????????????
  ?????????????????????
• ????????? fixed-price contract ???????????????????
  ?????
• 4) ???????????????????? (Unit price contracts)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? (amount per unit of service)

21
Statement of Work (SOW) Template
22
Project Procurement Processes??????????
(Contract Administration)

• ?????????????? (Signed contract) ???????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????
• ????????? contract administration ??????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

23
????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ???????????????????????????????????? scope,
  schedule, budget, ??? quality
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ?????? ??????? ???????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????

24
Project Procurement Processes???????????
(Contract Closure)

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????
• ???????????????????????????????? (updating
  records) ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????? ???
  ???????????????????? ?
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?

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????????????? (Outsourcing)

• ????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??? vendor,
  supplier, ???? ????????????????????????????????
• ????? ??????????????????????????????
  (outsourcing) ????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? (strategy) ??????? ?????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? (tactical) ???????

26
??????????????????????????

• ????????? 1989 ????? Eastman Kodak Company ??
  Rochester, NY, ?????????????? 10 ?? ????????????
  250 ?????????? ?????????????????? IT function
  ????????????? IBM
• ????? 1 ?? ????????? Kodak ???? 95
  ??????????????????????? PC ?????????? 5-10
  ??????????????????????????????? mainframe
  ???????????? 10-15
• Kodak ????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  IT function ???????
• ????? ???? ? ?????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????? IT ?????????? ???????????????????????
  ??????????????? (core competencies)
  ???????????????? ????????????????????????? IT
  vendors

27

• ???? 2000, IT ???????????????????????????????
  ????????????????? 54 ???????????????? IT
  ????????????????????????????
• ???????? (momentum) ??????????????????????????????
  U.S. ??? Europe

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Types of Outsourcing Relationships

• ??????????????????????????????? (Business Process
  Outsourcing)
• ??????????????????????????? ? (??????????? IT)
  ????????????????
• ???? Accounting, Human Resources, RD, etc.
• Offshoring
• ???????????????????????????? ? ???????????????????
  ?????????????????? (??????????????????????????????
  ????)

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??????????????????????

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????? ???????????????? ???????????????????
• Full-Insourcing
• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• Full-Outsourcing
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????
• Selective Outsourcing
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????? ????????????????????????????

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?????????????????? (Outsourcing Model)
The project team is responsible for all
project processes delivery of the projects
scope
All of the project processes delivery of the
projects scope is the responsibility of external
sources
Provides the most flexibility because some
project processes and scope are done internally
by the project team, while others are
outsourced externally.
Figure 12.1
31
Realities of Outsourcing

• ????????????? Kodak ???????? ?????????????????????
  ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????
  ????????????? IT
• ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????? ( offshore) ???????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????
• ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????
  (????????????????? ??????????) ???????????????????
  ??????????????????? ?
• ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ????????????????????
  ?????????????????????

32
Realities of Outsourcing

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????
• ???????????? Peter F. Drucker (2002) ????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ?
  ????????????? ? ???????? ?????????????????????????
  ?? ??????? ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? (knowledge economy)

33
Managing the Outsourcing Relationship

• ???????????????????? Deloitte Consulting
  ?????????????? 70 ??? 25 ????????????????????????
  ???? ???????????????????????????????? (negative
  experience) ????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????
• ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????
  ????????????????????????

34
7 Deadly Sins of Outsourcing Activities and
Projects

1. ??????????? ? ?????????????????????????
   ??????????????????
2. ???????????????? (vendor) ???
3. ???????????????????
4. ????????????????????
5. ?????????????????????????????????????????
6. ?????????????????????????????????????????????
7. ????????????????????????????? (Failing to plan an
   exit strategy)

35
???????? 12

• ????? ..