ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

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ANGIOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS
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NOMENCLATURE OF ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS

• AP position
• RAO position
• LAO position
• Cranial position
• Caudal position

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ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS FOR SPECIFIC CORONARY ARTERY
SEGMENTS

• Left Main AP
• LAO cranial
• LAO caudal
• Proximal LAD LAO cranial
• RAO caudal
• Mid LAD LAO cranial
• RAO cranial
• Lateral
• Distal LAD AP
• RAO cranial
• Lateral
• Diagonal LAO cranial
• RAO cranial

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• Proximal circumflex RAO cranial
• LAO caudal
• Intermediate RAO caudal
• LAO caudal
• Obtuse marginal RAO caudal
• LAO caudal
• RAO cranial
• Proximal RCA LAO
• Lateral
• Mid RCA LAO
• Lateral
• RAO
• Distal RCA LAO cranial
• Lateral
• PDA LAO cranial
• Posterolateral LAO cranial
• RAO cranial

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DEGREE OF ANGULATION

• Left Coronary Artery
• LAO - 300 - 450
• Cranial - 200 - 300
• Caudal - 200 - 300
• RAO - 300 - 450
• Right Coronary Artery
• LAO - 300 - 450
• Cranial - 150 - 200
• RAO - 300 - 450

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COMMON ANGIOGRAPHIC VIEWS OF CONGENITAL HEART
DISEASE

• Biplane cineangiography is require
• For VSD
• LAO - 500 600
• Cranial - 200 300
• For ASD (Hepatoclavicular angiographic view)
• LAO - 500 600
• Cranial - 200 300

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• For transposition of great arteries(Laid back
  angiographic view)
• Steep AP caudal - 350
• Proximal branch pulmonary artery anatomy
• Steep AP cranial - 350

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Causes of Poor Angiograms

• PATIENT FACTORS
• Size
• Movement
• Hardware (Pacemaker, Harrison rods, multiple
  surgery with clips)
• Angiographer Factors
• Poor catheter seating
• Poor contrast injection
• Equipment Factors
• X-ray generated problem
• X-ray tube problem
• Image intensifier problem

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THANK YOU