El presente de indicativo:

1
El presente de indicativo

• I work.
• I am working.
• I do work.

2
To form the present indicative tense you.
drop the ar, -er, -ir ending of the infinitive
and add the following endings
AR Yo o Tú as Él Ella a Ud. Nosotros(as) amos Voso
tros(as) áis Ellos Ellas an Uds.
ER Yo o Tú es Él Ella e Ud. Nosotros(as) emos Voso
tros(as) éis Ellos Ellas en Uds.
IR Yo o Tú es Él Ella e Ud. Nosotros(as) imos Voso
tros(as) ís Ellos Ellas en Uds.
3
Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense
but they do follow patterns.
Certain verbs have irregular YO forms but then
are normal
poner pones pone ponemos ponéis ponen
hacer haces hace hacemos hacéis hacen
traer traes trae traemos traéis traen
salir sales sale salimo salís salen
caer caes cae caemos caéis caen
pongo
hago
traigo
salgo
caigo
4
Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense
but they do follow patterns.
Certain verbs have irregular YO forms but then
are normal
caber cabes cabe cabemos cabéis caben
dar das da damos dais dan
estar estás está estamos estáis están
saber sabes sabe sabemos sabéis saben
quepo
doy
estoy
sé
5
Certain verbs are irregular in the present tense
but they do follow patterns.
Certain verbs have irregular YO forms and are
stem changers
Tener tienes tiene tenemos tenéis tienen
venir vienes viene venimos venís vienen
decir dices dice decimos decís dicen
tengo
vengo
digo
6
The verb oír has an irregular yo form and
also adds a y in all forms except for
nosotros and vosotros. In addition, an accent
mark is added to the í in the verb endings
Oír oyes oye oímos oís oyen
oigo
7
The verb haber has irregular forms except for
vosotros in the present tense.
Haber he has ha hemos han
habéis
8
The verbs ser and ir have irregular forms in
the present tense
Ser soy eres es somos sois son
Ir voy vas va vamos vais van
9
Certain verbs stem change in the present tense in
all persons except for nosotros and vosotros.
These verbs are also known as shoe verbs.
ogtue (volver)
egtie (preferir)
prefiero
preferimos
vuelvo
volvemos
prefieres
preferís
vuelves
volvéis
prefiere
prefieren
vuelve
vuelven
egti (pedir)
pido
pedimos
pides
pedís
pide
piden
10
Certain verbs have spelling changes in the YO
form in the present tense but they do follow
patterns.
Certain verbs have spelling changes in the YO
forms but then are normal
Verbs that end in -ger and -gir, change g gt j
Verbs that end in a vowel and -cer or -cir,
change c gt zc
recoger recoges recoge recogemos recogéis recogen
traducir traduces traduce traducimos traducís tra
ducen
recojo
traduzco
11
Certain verbs have spelling changes in the YO
form in the present tense but they do follow
patterns.
Certain verbs have spelling changes in the YO
forms but then are normal
convencer convences convence convencemos conv
encéis convencen
distinguir distingues distingue distinguimos dist
inguís distinguen
Verbs that end in -guir drop the u in the yo form
Verbs that end in a consonant plus -cer, change
c gt z
convenzo
distingo
12
Verbs that end in -uir add a y before the ending
except in nosotros and vosotros.
construir construyo construyes construye constr
uyen
Verbs that end in -uir, change i gt y in ALL
persons except nosotros and vosotros
construimos
construís
13
Verbs that end in -iar and -uar add an accent to
the í and to the ú except in nosotros and vosotros
esquiar esquío esquías esquía esquiamos esquiáis e
squían
actuar actúo actúas actúa actuamos actuáis actúan
14
Special verbs and verbal expressions in the
present tense soler an infinitive
soler suelo sueles Suele solemos soléis suelen
Soler means to be in the habit of or to be
accustomed to (like acostumbrarse). Therefore,
NEVER use soler in the preterit tense.
an infinitive
15
Special verbs and verbal expressions in the
present tense hace time que present.
Cuánto tiempo hace que nosotros estudiamos
español? (How long have we been studying Spanish?)
Hace time the present is used to tell how
long something has been going on.
Hace seis años que vosotros estudiáis español.
(You have been studying Spanish for 6 years.)
16
Special verbs and verbal expressions in the
present tense haber.
1. Haber can be used to show exsitence (There is
/ There are )
Hay 24 estudiantes en la clase. (There are 24
students in the class.)
17
Special verbs and verbal expressions in the
present tense haber.
2. Haber can be used to show necessity
impersonally
Hay que estudiar para el examen. (Its necessary
One must study for the test.)
18
Special verbs and verbal expressions in the
present tense haber.
3. Haber de can be used to show necessity as a
synonym of tener que the infinitive
He de ayudar a mi madre esta tarde. (I need to
help my mom this after noon.)