INTL 101: INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POLITICS

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INTL 101 INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POLITICS

• GLOBALIZATION

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LECTURE CONTENT

• Key Concepts
• Definition of Globalization
• Dimensions of Globalization
• History of Globalization
• Theories of International Relations and
  Globalization
• Anti-Globalization Movement

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Key Concepts

• Capitalism- An economic system based on private
  ownership of capital and the means of production
  (standing wealth and other forms of property).
• Cold War- The hostile relations between the two
  superpowers, the United States of America and the
  former Soviet Union.
• G-8- Group of Eight.
• Global- covering or affecting the whole world.
• Global Politics- the state will no longer be at
  the centre of attention- but neither will it be
  marginalized.
• Globalization- increasing integration of the
  world in terms of communications, culture, and
  economics.
• IMF- International Monetary Fund.
• IPE- International Political Economy.
• Sovereignty- A states right, at least in
  principle, to do whatever it wants within its own
  territory.
• WB- World Bank.
• WTO- World Trade Organization.

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Definition of Globalization

• In general terms globalization is an economic,
  political, technological, and socio-cultural
  process where the importance of state boundaries
  decreases and the countries and their people live
  in an integrated global system.
• The term has become particularly popular in IPE
  and in cultural studies.

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Dimensions of Globalization

• Three main dimensions of globalization
• Economic Dimensions of Globalization
• Socio-cultural Dimensions of Globalization
• Political Dimensions of Globalization

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Economic Dimensions of Globalization

• Economic globalization is one of the most
  frequently used in discussions of development,
  trade, and IPE.
• It is a process by which the economies of the
  world become increasingly integrated, leading to
  global economy and, increasingly, global economic
  policymaking, for example, through international
  agencies such as WTO, IMF, and WB.

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Socio-cultural Dimensions of Globalization

• Social globalization means processes whereby many
  social relations become relatively delinked from
  territorial geography, so that human lives are
  increasingly played out in the world as a single
  place.
• Cultural globalization refers to an emerging
  global culture, in which people more often
  consume similar goods and services across
  countries and use of common language.
• Examples Coco-Cola, Mc Donald and use of English.

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Political Dimensions of Globalization

• In political studies globalization ideas have
  been significant in thinking about ideology and
  in political behaviour in terms of issue areas
  such as ecopolitics and human rights.
• In terms of the environment and human rights
  clear evidence of the need for global codes of
  conduct.
• In terms of ideology writers like Hungtington and
  Fukuyama have pointed to the globalization of
  liberalism following the end of the Cold War.

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History of Globalization

• It is hard to determine a specific moment when
  globalization started or to describe exact stages
  of its historical development.
• History shows no obvious time on which everyone
  will agree.
• Although considerable groundwork for
  globalization was laid in earlier times, the noun
  globalization entered a dictionary for the
  first time in 1961.
• Generally speaking, commentators have linked
  globalization
• - to the rise of the information society,
• - the beginning of late capitalism,
• - the end of communism, and even the end of
  history.

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Theories of International Relations
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Realism and Globalization

• For realists, states hold sovereignty, and
  globalization does not cause obsolete the
  struggle for political power between states.
• Globalization does not weaken the importance of
  the threat of the use of force.

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Liberalism and Globalization

• Liberalism focuses on a much wider set of
  interactions between states and non-state actors.
• For liberals, globalization is the end point of
  the transformation of world politics.
• Liberals are particularly interested in the
  revolution in technology and communications
  represented by globalization.

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Marxism and Globalization

• Marxists seen globalization as a negative
  process.
• For Marxists, globalization is not new process,
  and it is the latest stage in the development of
  international capitalism by West.
• Globalization further deepens the existing divide
  between the rich and poor countries.

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Anti-Globalization Movement

• The anti-globalization movement developed in the
  late 20th century to fight the globalization of
  corporate economic activity and the free trade
  with developing nations that might result from
  such activity.

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Anti-Globalization Movement

• Members of the anti-globalization movement
  generally advocate anarchist, nationalist,
  socialist, social democratic or environmentalist
  alternatives.
• Although supporters of the movement often work
  together, the movement itself is diverse.
• Demonstrations the Seattle (Washington-USA) WTO
  meeting of 1999, Genoa (Italy)G8 summit in 2001.