Mechanisms

1
Mechanisms
2
Types of Mechanisms

1. Parts handling mechanisms
2. Reciprocating and general-purpose mechanisms
3. Special purpose mechanisms
4. Spring, bellow, flexure, screw, and ball devices
5. Cam toggle, chain, and belt mechanisms
6. Geared systems and variable-speed mechanisms
7. Coupling, clutching and braking devices
8. Torque-limiting, tensioning, and governing
   devices
9. Pneumatic machine and mechanism control
10. Fastening, latching, clamping, and chucking
    devices

3
Parts Handling Mechanisms

1. Feeding mechanisms
2. Orienting mechanisms
3. Sorting mechanisms
4. Cutting mechanisms

4
Feeding Mechanisms
Feeding long cylinders
Feeding U-shaped parts
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Feeding Aligning Parts
Various mechanisms for feeding aligned parts
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Special Feeders
Feeding a certain number of parts
Mixer
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Orienting Mechanisms
Orienting pointed-end parts
Orienting U-shaped parts
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Orienting Mechanisms, cont.
Orienting short cylinders
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Sorting Devices
Sorting balls by size
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10
Cutting Mechanisms
Four-bar cutters
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Cutting Mechanisms, cont.
Clamping and cutting device
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Cutting Mechanisms, cont.
Slicing Mechanism
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13
Reciprocating and General Purpose Mechanisms

1. Geneva mechanisms
2. Hypocycloid mechanisms
3. Rotary to reciprocal devices
4. Dwell mechanisms
5. Escapement mechanisms

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14
Geneva Mechanisms
Locking-arm geneva
Twin geneva drive
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Groove cam genevas
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Locking-slide geneva
Four-bar geneva
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Long-dwell geneva
Rapid transfer geneva
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Modified motion geneva
Dual-track geneva
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Progressive oscillating drive
Internal-groove geneva
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Planetary gear geneva
Modified dwell period geneva
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Geneva Mechanisms, cont.
Modified geneva
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Intermittent Mechanisms
Intermittent drive
Indexing mechanism
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Hypocycloid Mechanisms
Basic hypocycloid curves
Double-dwell mechanism
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Hypocycloid Mechanisms, cont.
Internal-geneva drive
Long-dwell geneva drive
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Hypocycloid Mechanisms, cont.
Short-dwell rotary
Cycloidal rocker
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Hypocycloid Mechanisms, cont.
Elliptical-motion drive
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Rotary to Reciprocation Motion
Scotch yoke
Four-bar slider mechanism
Slider crank
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Rotary to Reciprocation Motion, cont.
Linear reciprocator
Three-gear stroke multiplier
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Rotary to Reciprocation Motion, cont.
Rotating-cam reciprocator
Spherical input reciprocating drive
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Rotary to Reciprocation Motion, cont.
Screw drive
Translation to rotation mechanism
Screwed inclined mechanism
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Dwell Mechanisms
Oscillating crank and planetary drive
Epicyclic dwell mechanism
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Dwell Mechanisms, cont.
Chain-slider drive
Cam-helical dwell mechanism
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Dwell Mechanisms, cont.
Cam-roller dwell mechanism
Gear oscillating crank
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Dwell Mechanisms, cont.
Gear-slider crank
Three-gear drive
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Toothless Ratchets
Flat spring ratchet
Helical spring ratchet
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Toothless Ratchets, cont.
Cam ratchet
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Escapement Mechanisms
Pin wheel
Anchor
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Special Purpose Mechanisms

• Straight line motion
• Changing straight line direction
• Expanding and contracting devices
• Linear Acceleration
• Linkages for multiplying short motions
• Parallel-link mechanisms
• Adjustable output mechanisms
• Computing mechanisms

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Straight Line Motion
Peaucellier cell
Watts linkage
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Straight Line Motion, cont.
Evans linkage
Tchebicheffs linkage
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Straight Line Motion, cont.
Daniels linkage
Parallel linkage
Paths traced by Daniels linkage
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Straight Line Motion, cont.
Long-kick mechanism
Short-kick mechanism
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Straight Line Motion, cont.
Hypocycloid drive
Hypocycloid and Scotch yoke drive
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Straight Line Motion, cont.
Parallel cardan mechanism
Ringless hypocycloid drive
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Changing Straight Line Direction
Linkage drive
Guided drive
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Changing Straight Line Direction, cont.
Friction drive
Geared drive
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Changing Straight Line Direction, cont.
Articulated rod drive
Cam and follower drive
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Changing Straight Line Direction, cont.
Pnuematic drive
Fluid coupled drive
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Expanding and Contracting Devices
Expanding grill
Telescoping cylinders
Multibar linkage
Nested slides
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Cam Replacements
Adjusting oscillation
Curved flange
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Cam Replacements, cont.
Bellcrank mechanism
Stepped sheave-cable mechanism
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Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions
Lever and sector gear
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Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions, cont.
Lever, cam, and cord transmission
Lever system
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Linkages for Multiplying Short Motions, cont.
Toggle and cord drive
Spiral feed transmission
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Stroke Multipliers
Reciprocating-table drive
Pulley drive
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Stroke Multipliers, cont.
Gear-sector drive
Angle-doubling drive
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Parallel Linkages
Tensioning mechanism
Eight-bar linkage
Triple-pivot mechanism
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Adjustable output mechanisms
Adjustable slider drive
Adjustable chain drive
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Adjustable output mechanisms, cont.
Adjustable clutch drive
Valve stroke adjuster
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Adjustable output mechanisms, cont.
Eccentric pivot point
Differential
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Rolomite, Bellow, and Flexure Devices
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Rolomite devices
a
b
c
Basic Rolomite device
d
Some possible force profiles
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Rolomite devices, cont.
Rotary bearing
Moving table suspension
Speed reducer
Fluid pump
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Flexure Devices
Flexure connection
Cross-strip pivot
Pivots
Rack and pinion equivalent
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Flexure Devices, cont.
Universal joint
Parallel motion linkage
Rotary to translation converter
Flexure transmission
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Bellow Devices
Linear translation
Reciprocating rotary motion
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Cam, toggle, and belt mechanisms

1. Cams
2. Toggle mechanisms
3. Variable speed belt drives
4. Connecting misaligned shafts

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Cams
Simple follower
Forked follower
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Cams, cont.
Clamping cam
Barrel cam
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Cams, cont.
Sewing machine cam
Swash plate
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Cams, cont.
Hammer drill cam
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Toggle Mechanisms
Simple toggle
Locking latches
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Toggle Mechanisms, cont.
Punch press
Rivet machine
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Toggle Mechanisms, cont.
Stone crusher
Friction ratchet
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Latch Mechanisms
Pin A
Toggle latch
Double toggle latch
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Latch Mechanisms, cont.
Latch and cocking lever
Disk-shaped cocking lever
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Latch Mechanisms, cont.
Firing pin mechanism
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Variable Speed Mechanisms
Cam controlled variable pitch pulley
Spring controlled variable pitch pulley
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Variable Speed Mechanisms, cont.
Cone drive
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Variable Speed Mechanisms, cont.
Adjustable cone drive
Two cone drive
Cone-belt drive
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Variable Speed Mechanisms, cont.
Graham drive
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Variable Speed Mechanisms, cont.
Single disk drive
Double disk drive
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Connecting Misaligned Shafts
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Connecting Misaligned Shafts, cont.
Square plate coupling used for angular
misalignment
Square plate coupling
Square plate coupling used for offset shafts
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Connecting Misaligned Shafts, cont.
Flexible shaft
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Overrunning Clutches and Torque Limiters
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Overrunning Clutches
Wedging rollers
Lawnmower clutch
Molded sprags
Disengaging idler
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Torque Limiters
Permanent magnets
Arms hold rollers
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Torque Limiters, cont.
Flexible belt
Cone clutch
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Torque Limiters, cont.
Shear pin
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Fluid Pumps
Flexible vanes
Rameli pump
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Fluid Pumps, cont.
Rotary compressor
Eccentric disk
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Fluid Pumps, cont.
Vane pump
Roots compressor
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Fluid Pumps, cont.
Rotating cylinder block
Rotary reciprocating pump
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Credits

• This module is intended as a supplement to design
  classes in mechanical engineering. It was
  developed at The Ohio State University under the
  NSF sponsored Gateway Coalition (grant
  EEC-9109794). Contributing members include
• Gary Kinzel .. Project supervisor
• Gary Kinzel........Primary author
• Matt Detrick ..... Module revision
• Based on Mechanisms and Mechanical Devices, by N.
  Chironis and N. Sclater, Mcgraw-Hill, Inc. New
  York, 1996.

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