UMTS Technology

1
UMTS - Technology

• Concepts, Standards Implementation

2
UMTS - Technology Agenda

• UMTS Network Architecture
• New Features
• New Entities
• Compare with 2G Systems
• UMTS Standards
• Architecture of UMSC
• Deviations from Standard
• HW-Architecture
• Questions Discussion

3
Evolution
4G Very High Speed Wireless Internet

• Future Standard
• 2 20 Mbps
• Seamless Interconnection with 3G, WLANs,
  fixed Networks

2001
3G Multimedia

• 3GPP 144 kbps 2 Mbps

2000
2.5G High Speed Packet Data

• GPRS/EDGE 9.6 384 kbps

1999
2G Low Speed Packet and Circuit Data

• GSM/TDMA/CDMA 9.6 28.8 kbps

4
UMTS R99 - Features

• Air Interface based on W-CDMA
• High Speed Data Services
• CS domain up to 384 kbps
• PO domain up to 2 Mbps
• 2 different Modes FDD-mode, TDD-mode
• ATM-based Interfaces
• Common Interface for CS and PO between Access
  NW and Core NW
• Handover between RNCs in Access NW
• Enhanced Security Functions

5
UMTS Standards / 1

• W-CDMA Technology
• Specification 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership
  Project)
• Japan (ARIB und TTC)
• Europe (ETSI)
• Korea (TTA)
• USA (T1) and
• China (CWTS)
• Representatives
• GSM Association
• UMTS Forum
• IPv6 Forum
• UWCC (Universal Wireless Communications
  Consortium )

6
UMTS Standards / 2

• Standardization body 3GPP
• http//www.3gpp.org/
• Specifications
• 3GPP TS 21.xxx - TS 34.xxx
• 23-series Technical realization stage 2
• 23.002 Network Architecture
• 23.060 GPRS (with 3G extensions)
• 24-series Signaling Protocols CN
• 24.008 Core NW protocols stage 3
• 25-series Radio Aspects
• 25.413 RANAP
• 25.414 Iu Data Transport and transport Signaling
• 25.415 Iu-User Plane

7
UMTS Network Architecture / 1
C N
A N
Node B
UMSC
Radio Network Control RNC
Iub Interface
Iu Interface
MS
Iur Interface
Node B
Radio Network Control RNC
Iub Interface
Iu Interface
MS
8
UMTS Network Architecture / 2

• UMTS network consists of an Access Network (AN)
  and a Core Network (CN). The AN is formed by
  Radio Network Controllers (RNCs), NodeBs and
  Mobile Stations.
• The RNCs are interconnected using the Iur
  interface. This interconnection enables the RNS
  to keep Handover within the Access Network (if
  it is between RNCs in one AN).

9
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Modes
Time
Time
15
15
Code
Code
2
DL
1
UL
UL
Guard Period
Channel bandwidth 5MHz
Channel bandwidth 5MHz
Frequency
Frequency
Duplex Separation
TDD mode FDD mode
Both with harmonized bandwidth and pulse
shape IMT-2000 Spectrum (1885 2025 MHz / 2110
2200 MHz)
10
Advantages of W-CDMA

• Modulation QPSK
• Connection establishment is easier
• No frequency planning / code planning only
• Low noise
• Automatically ciphering
• New access technology
• BUT Near-Far Effect

11
Summary of the UTRA parameters
 
 
 
12
UTRA-TDD Mode Asymmetrical Handling
1. Current TDD Principle
Timeslot pairs for duplex connection
TX timeslots
RX timeslots
TDD structure like in 2G systems
2. Asymmetrical Traffic in UTRA TDD mode
Example
Timeslot pairs for 2 duplex connections
Different timeslots in UL/DL
Switching Points
TX timeslots
RX timeslots
13
TDD Channel Structure
Power Density / Code
1 time slot
multiple TCH per time slot
TDD
Codes 1-8
Frequency
Time
15
5 MHz

• Merge of benefits
• CDMA provides interference control and high
  system capacity
• TDD provides Fast Power Control free operation
• TDD provides asymmetrical data transfer

14
UMTS Cell Hierarchy

• Macro Cell (suburban/rural area) range
• max. 15 km (for 144 kbps)
• high mobility (up to 500 km/h)
• up to 144 kbps
• Micro Cell (urban area) range
• some 100 m
• medium mobility
• up to 384 kbps
• Pico Cell (indoor/home environment) range
• some 10 m
• low mobility
• up to 2 Mbps

15
Cell Breathing
1,6 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0
Cell diameter (km)
10 20 30 40
50
Users
16
Siemens UMSC / 1
HLR
Core Network
C
Gr
UMSC
Access Network
PSTN
E
A
MSC
GMSC
ISDN
Iu
IWU
RNC
Gn
ISP
3G-SGSN
GGSN
internal
17
Siemens UMSC / 2

• Siemens UMSC consists of 3 functional blocks
• CP based MSC part
• MP based IWU
• MP based 3G-SGSN
• MSC
• slight modifications mainly in Call Processing
• A-Interface
• 3G-SGSN
• 3G-SGSN is based on the 2.5G-SGSN (GPRS)
• IWU
• SCCP endpoint, distribution of messages to CS and
  PO domain
• For CS it contains also following functions
• Mapping of Iu-IF to A-IF (Call Processing stays
  in the MSC)
• AAL2 Transport Signaling incl. AAL2 Call
  Processing
• Control of TSC (TRAU Server Card)

18
Comparison GSM-UMTS / 1
Gi
Gn
SGSN
GGSN
ISP
Gb
BSC
PSTN
GMSC
MSC
A
ISDN
E
Gn
Gi
3G-
Iu cs
ISP
GGSN
SGSN
RNC
PSTN
3G-
Iu po
GMSC
MSC
ISDN
E
19
Comparison GSM-UMTS / 2

• GSM/GPRS (2/2.5G)
• 2 different protocol stacks between CN and AN.
  For CS part BSSMAP is used for communication
  between the BSC and the MSC, for communication
  between the MSC and the MS DTAP (Direct Transfer
  Application Part) is used. The PO part (GPRS)
  uses a different stack BSSGP, LLC, SM/GMM
  (Session Management, GPRS Mobility Management)
  and IP.
• UMTS R99 (3G)
• First UMTS release is an evolution of GSM. The
  two different protocol stacks for the A and the
  Gb interface migrate to a common interface, the
  Iu-Interface. Communication between AN and CN is
  done with a CS and PO common protocol, the RANAP.
  The NAS (Non Access Stratum) signaling is done
  with different protocols for CS (CC, MM) and PO
  (SM, GMM).

20
Iu-Interface Protocol-Stack / 3

• Protocol Stack on the Iu-Interface can be divided
  into 2 horizontal layers Radio Network Layer and
  the Transport Network Layer
• Vertical Planes
• Control Plane UMTS-specific control signaling
  (includes application protocol i.e. RANAP) and
  signaling bearer for the application protocol
  messages
• User Plane Data stream includes coded voice (CS)
  or packets (PO)
• Transport Network Control Plane Used for all
  control signaling within the transport layer and
  signaling bearer
• Transport Network User Plane Data bearer(s) in
  the user plane and signaling bearer(s) for the
  application protocol

21
Iu-Interface towards Core Network -CS / 1
to RNC
to UMSC
22
Iu-Interface towards Core Network PO / 2
to RNC
to UMSC
23
GPRS vs. UMTS (PO) Transport plane / 1
24
GPRS vs. UMTS (PO) Transport plane / 2

• In GPRS mobile specific protocols (BSSGP, LLC,
  SNDCP) are used. At SGSN the protocol stacks
  (Gb-IF) are implemented on the MP-Platform.
• UMTS uses for PO data traffic an IP-based
  protocol stack.

25
Functionality R99

• RNC from Mobisphere (join venture between Siemens
  and NEC)
• Intersystem Handover (3G-gt2G)
• Voice via AAL2 using the Adaptive Multi-Rate
  Codec
• 64 kbps CS Service
• 384 kbps with Best Effort QoS for PO Service
• Supported L1 on the Iu-IF is STM-1 (155 Mbps)

26
UMSC HW-Configuration
36190
INAP/CAP
SCP
LTG
SN
LTG
ISUP
LTG
LTG
PSTN
O M C
HLR
MAP
LTG
Gr, Gs, Gd I/f
Ethernet
LTG
MB
36140
C P
AMP
IOC
HUB
E1LIC
File Server
SC
E1LIC
E1LIC
MPSM
36140
ASN
MPMM
MPSLT
Gn I/f
LIC
SPGTP
LIC
MPPD
MPRANAP
MCP
MPACC
MPSA
I S P
LICSTM1
LIC
SPISP
SPGTP
TSC
LICSTM1
Gi I/f
LICSTM1
Iu I/f
U T R A N
27
UMTS - Network Architecture
28
McCool UMTS Mobile Station
29
UMTS-Abbreviations

• UMSC ... UMTS-Mobile Switching Center
• 3G-MSC ... 3rd Generation MSC
• 3G-SGSN ... 3rd Generation SGSN
• RNC ... Radio Network Controller (3G BSC)
  controls one or more NodeBs
• NodeB ... Node Broadband (3G BTS) serves one cell
  
• CS ... Circuit Switched
• PO ... Packet Oriented
• RANAP ... Radio Access Network Application part
  (?BSSMAP/GSM)
• Iu-IF ... Interface between UMSC and RNC
• Iur-IF ... Interface between RNCs
• Iub-IF ... Interface between RNC and NodeB

30
References

• Books
• Prased, Ramjee/Mohr, Werner/Konhäuser Walter
  Third Generation Mobile Communication Systems.
  Boston, London 2000
• Holma, Harri/Toskala, Antti WCDMA for UMTS.
  Chichester 2000
• Walke, Bernhard/Fliege, Norbert Mobilfunknetze
  und ihre Protokolle. Stuttgart, 1998
• others
• Periodicals
• Funkschau
• Mobilcom
• SMG News (ETSI)
• others
• 3G Internet Addresses
• http//www.3gpp.org/
• http//www.etsi.org/
• http//www.umts-forum.org/
• http//www.gsmworld.com/

31
UMTS - Technology

• Q u e s t i o n s
• D i s c u s s i o n

32
Thank youfor your attention!