SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN TURKEY

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SUNFLOWER PRODUCTION IN TURKEY

• Dr Yalcin KAYA, Dr Necmi BESER
• Trakya Agricultural Research Institute
• Edirne - TURKEY

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Sunflower in Turkey

• Sunflower, the main oil crop in Turkey
• The preference of Turkish people mostly sunflower
  oil as vegetable oil
• the main crops in the rotation system in Trakya
  Region
• has 75 of Turkey both sunflower areas and
  production,
• Marmara 10, Black Sea 10, etc
• increase the importance of sunflower year by year
  in Turkey.

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Sunflower in Turkey

• Turkey planted area 450-550.000 ha
• Turkey Production 750-850.000 Ton
• Yield is about 1.500-1.700 kg/ha.
• Turkey has 3 ratio of sunflower production is in
  top 10 of the world.
• However, sunflower production is not enough for
  domestic consumption
• Almost 50 of oil needs imported as mostly
  sunflower and soybean seed, also crude oil and
  sunflower meal.

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Sunflower Oil in Turkey

• However, the half of Turkey oil need is supplied
  by imported from some countries such as Ukraine,
  Argentina, Bulgaria, Romania, etc. both as seed
  and crude oil.
• Turkey has very modern crushing factories. Mostly
  in Trakya Region.
• 4 times more capacity their domestic production
  (2 Million Ton seed)
• They are working with 40 50 capacity

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Sunflower in Turkey

• Sunflower having high adaptation capability is
  growing mainly under dry conditions in Turkey and
  the world.
• However, sunflower could not produce in large
  areas due to getting low income and could not
  compete with other more profitable crops such as
  wheat, corn, soybean, cotton etc in both dry and
  irrigated conditions
• In recent years, the sunflower area in Turkey has
  been reduced due to low and variable prices and
  competition from alternate summer crops.

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Sunflower History in Turkey

• Sunflower production was started firstly by
  Turkish immigrants from Bulgaria in Turkey in
  1950s.
• In 1960s very serious broomrape (Orobanche)
  parasite epidemic effects
• V-1646 and V-8931 Russian varieties were
  introduced from Russia in 1965
• In 1980s broomrape epidemic again
• Hybrids in the production 1983
• Private companies were in the sector

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Sunflower Research in Turkey

• Public Sunflower Research
• Trakya Agricultural Research Institute Edirne,
  (TARI) National Coordinator
• Aegean Agr. Research Institute-Izmir
• Private Company Research
• PIONEER Seed Co.
• ADVANTA Seed Co.
• MAY Seed Co.
• MONSANTO Co. are conducting sunflower breeding
  program.

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Sunflower Seed Sector

• Total 2.000 Ton, International seed companies are
  active in seed sector.
• Syngenta (40), Pioneer (20), Advanta(13),
  Monsanto (10)
• Turkish companies MAY Seed (10), GENC Seed
  (4), Turkish Government Farm (TIGEM) (1),
  AGROMAR Seed (2) also exist in the seed
  business.
• TIGEM and GENC Seed selling TARI, MAY Seed
  ASGROW and AGROMAR Seed are selling French
  hybrids.

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Sunflower Cultivars

• COMPANY NAME CULTIVAR NAME
• SYNGENTA Sanbro, SANAY IMI
• MAY AGRO AS-503, Vanko, Sirena
• ADVANTA Isera, C-70165, H-1
• PIONEER XF-4223,
• MONSANTO Coban, C-207, Alhaja
• GENC SEED Meric F1, TR-3080, RIMI
• TIGEM TARSAN-1018, Aydin-
  2002, Vniimik 8931

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Broomrape in Turkey

• In 2000s new broomrape races appeared again other
  than known 5 Races (A,B,C,D,E)
• Most probably 3 more races (F,G,H)
• They are the most aggressive races
• Broomrape renew themselves and break resistance
  in each 20 years
• More than 70 areas are affected seriously of
  Trakya region.
• Some resistant and tolerant sunflower hybrids are
  planted,
• have susceptibility after a couple of years, due
  to high virulence attack of new races.

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IMI RESISTANT HYBRIDS

• Some weeds esp. Xanthium strumarium L., Sinapis
  arvensis L. Chenopodium album L., Cirsium arvense
  L., etc.. are big problem.
• To control O. cernua and weeds with IMI herbicide
  and resistant hybrids
• INTERVIX (Imazamox Imazapyr) (3315 g/l) by
  BASF Co. post emergence herbicide used
• CLEARFIELD SYSTEM widely used by farmers in
  Trakya region in 2003,

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IMI HYBRIDS IN THE MARKET

• The IMI herbicide cost per ha is 50 ,
• High demand expected in 2005,
• Because of high broomrape virulence attacks
  widely in 2004 season,
• 25 market share (400-500 Ton)
• SyngentaSANAY, registered in 2003
• (Modified SANBRO), 300 ton
• MonsantoTECHNOSOL, 2004, 30 ton
• Genc TohumRIMISOL, registered in 2004 (Novisad
  Hybrid), 18 Ton

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Cultural Practices in Turkey

• Sunflower growers use mainly hybrids in the
  production
• The seed quantity is about 4 kg ha-1.
• The pneumatic planters are used mostly by
  sunflower farmers.
• The plant density is 70x35 cm and the plant
  population is 40-45.000 per ha.
• The planting date usually is between the end of
  March and the beginning of May depending on years
  and regions.

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Cultural Practices in Turkey

• The trifluarin (75) and IMI herbicides are used
  mostly in the weed control.
• The composed fertilizers (mostly 20-20-0) are
  applying only during the planting as mostly 50 kg
  ha-1 nitrogen and 50 kg ha-1 phosphorus rate.
• The harvesting time is in August 15 - September
  15 depending on climate.
• Sunflower producers sell their products to Trakya
  Birlik Farmer Association (over 50) and other
  private processors.

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CONCLUSIONS

• TURKEY SUNFLOWER POTENTIAL
• 1 Million ha area and 2 million Ton Production,
  seed market 4.000 Ton
• RESEARCH GOALS Developing having high seed and
  oil yield performance, droughtbroomrape
  resistant hybrids
• INCREASING PRODUCTION Solutions Focusing on Mid
  oleic type, increasing branches of Trakya Birlik
  to purchase farmer product easily in different
  part of Turkey, subsidizing sunflower price

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THANK YOU