The Great Powers

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(No Transcript)
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The Great Powers
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy celebrate the
Triple Alliance
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Bismarck pulling the strings of the Three
Emperors League Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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Dropping the PilotBismarck is sent into
retirement by Kaiser Wilhelm II
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Lenfant terrible!Chorus in the stern Dont
go on like thator youll upset us all! (Punch,
1890)
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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Tsar Alexander III and French President Sadi
Carnot shake to symbolize the 1894 Franco-Russian
Alliance
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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Postcard commemorating the launching of the
German warship Imperator
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HMS Dreadnought, the first modern battleship, 1906
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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German poster The Boer War.The First Success
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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The force behind JapanRussian cartoon, 1902
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The Coming of World War I

• 1890 Bismarck is dismissed by Wilhelm II
• 1894 France and Russia form alliance
• 1898 Germany begins building modern navy
• 1899-1902 Boer War
• 1902 Britain and Japan sign alliance
• 1904 Britain and France sign Entente Cordiale

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British celebration of the Entente Cordiale, 1904
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkey
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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The giant of brass with the feet of clay.
Not so terrible as it looked
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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German Gunboat Panther landed Kaiser William II
in Morocco, 1905
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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Alliances Divide Europe
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The German Schlieffen Plan anticipated a war on
two fronts against Russia and France
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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Austria took Bosnia-Herzegovina from the Ottoman
Empire in 1908 Russia was supposed to get
something to balance the power
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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French poster makes fun of Kaiser Wilhelms
attempts to gain influence in Morocco
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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Italian troops survey Turkish and Libyan dead,
1911
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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Russia, Britain, Germany, France, Russia struggle
to keep the lid on the Balkan pot.
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The Coming of World War I

• 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War
• 1905 1st Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1907 Triple Entente Britain / France /
  Russia
• 1908 Austria annexes Bosnia
• 1911 2nd Moroccan Crisis between Germany and
  France
• 1911 Italy attacks Turkish Libya
• 1912-13 1st and 2nd Balkan Wars
• 1914 World War I begins

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War The Setting, the Causes
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Causes of World War I

• Nationalism National needed to be upheld in all
  situations No compromise
• Imperialism Colonies were absolutely necessary
  for national well-being
• Militarism The best solution to any
  international problem was military
• Economic competition Nations were in economic
  competition with each other
• Alliance system Europe was divided into two
  armed camps
• Lack of International Diplomatic Order No
  international organization existed Diplomacy
  was arbitrary

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Bismarck departs as William II lounges on his
throne of cannons
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After his retirement, Otto von Bismarckwas asked
about the status of the peace in Europe. He
said. . . .
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Europe today is a powder keg andthe leaders are
like men smoking in an arsenal. . . .
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. . . . A single sparkwill set off an
explosionthat will consumeus all. . . .
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. . . I cannot tell you when that explosion will
occur, but I can tell you where. . . .
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. . . Some damned, foolish thing in the Balkans
will set it off.
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand walks through the
streets of Sarajevo
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The Archduke and his wife Sophie with the Mayor
of Sarajevo
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Archduke Francis Ferdinand and wife leaving the
Mayors Palace in Sarajevo
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The couple leave on the motorcade
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The last photograph taken of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand and his wife alive
alive.
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Assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand by
Gavrilo PrinzipJune 28, 1914
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The capture of Gavrilo Prinzip
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Gavrilo Prinzip, Assassin of Archduke Francis
Ferdinand, in prison.Prinzip would die of
tuberculosis in 19
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The Spark
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife lie in
state in Vienna
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The spark that set off the Great War was Franz
Ferdinands assassination and the tripwire was
Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against
Serbia on July 28, 1914 A war between
Austria-Hungary and Serbia meant a war between
Austria-Hungary and Russia, Serbia's traditional
ally. That meant war between Russia and Germany,
Austria-Hungarys ally. And that meant war
between Germany and France, Russias ally. And
that meant war between Germany and Great Britain,
Belgiums protector.
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Major Nations of the Great War
Triple Alliance
Triple Entente
Allied Powers
Central Powers

• France
• Russia
• Great Britain

• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Italy

X

• Serbia

• Ottoman Empire

• Belgium

• Bulgaria

• Japan

• Italy

• Romania

• United States

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Who did it? American cartoon, 1914
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