Veterinary Terminology

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Veterinary Terminology
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• Most of us are familiar with some medical terms
  from TV, newspapers, etc.
• Learning understanding vocabulary is our goal!
• Once you learn the basic rules for breaking words
  down and how to analyze words it will become
  easier to read and understand them

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• Majority of veterinary terminology is based on
  Greek Latin origins

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Anatomy of Medical Term

• Prefix Beginning word part, indicate number,
  location, time or status
• Root Word part that gives essential meaning of
  word
• Combining vowel Single vowel (usually an o
  added to the end of the root to make word easier
  to pronounce
• Suffix End of word, indicate procedure,
  condition, disease or disorder

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Prefixes You Must Know

• A- /An- Without or no
• Ab- Away from
• Ad- Towards
• Anti- Against
• Dys- Difficult, Painful, Bad
• Eu- Good, Easy, Normal

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• Inter- Between
• Intra- Within
• Poly- Many
• Oligo- Little
• Pan- All

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• Peri- Around
• Pre- Before
• Post- After
• Sub- Below, under, less
• Super-/Supra- Above, beyond, excessive

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Assignment

• Complete the medical example definition columns
  in the computer lab.

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Number Prefixes

• Number Latin Greek
• 1 Uni Mono-
• 2 Duo- Dyo-
• 3 Tri- Tri-
• 4 Quadri- Tetra-
• 5 Quniqu- Penta-
• 6 Sex- Hexa-
• 7 Sept- Hepta-

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• Number Latin Greek
• 8 Octo- Octo-
• 9 Novem- Ennea-
• 10 Deca- Deka-

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Suffixes You Must Know!

• 1. Pertaining To Suffixes
• -ac - pertaining to the heart
• -al - pertaining to the kidney
• -ar - pertaining to the lumbar
• -ary - pertaining to the gastrointestinal tract
• -an - pertaining to the ovary
• -eal - pertaining to the larynx
• -ic - pertaining to the intestines

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• -ine - pertaining to the uterus
• -ous - pertaining to the skin
• -tic - pertaining to the kidneys

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Surgical Procedural Suffixes

• -ectomy - Surgical removal
• -stomy - Surgically create a new opening
• -tomy Cutting into
• -pexy Suture to stabilize
• -plasty Surgically repair
• -centesis Surgically puncture to remove fluid
  or gas

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• -gram - Record of
• -graph - Instrument that records
• - graphy - Procedure that records
• -lysis Separation or breakdown
• -scope instrument to visually examine
• -scopy Procedure to visually examine
• -therapy - treatment

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Double R and Conditional Suffixes

• -rrhagia or rrhage bursting forth
• -rrhaphy to suture
• -rrhea flow, discharge
• -rrhexis rupture
• -algia or dynia pain
• -itis inflammation
• -malacia abnormal softening

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• -megaly enlargement
• -osis abnormal condition
• -pathy disease
• -sclerosis abnormal hardening
• -um - structure

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Defining Medical Terms

• Step 1 Dissect (find the root, combining vowel,
  prefix and/or suffix)
• Step 2 Begin at the end (define the suffix
  first, then prefix, then roots)
• Step 3 Put it all together

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Example

• Ovariohysterectomy
• Step 1 Dissect
• Ovari/o/hyster/ectomy
• Step 2 Define from the end
• -ectomy Surgical removal
• Hyster uterus
• Ovario ovaries

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• Step 3 Put it all together
• Surgical removal of ovaries and uterus (also
  known as spaying)

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Quick Review

• A suffix or prefix will flash on the screen you
  write the meaning down on your board and hold it
  up

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pre-
BEFORE
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Post-
After
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Poly-
Many
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-ous
Skin
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-therapy
Treatment
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Dys-
Painful
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Sutures

• Sutures stitches
• Designed to help the body heal by closely
  opposing two sides of a wound or surgical opening
• Two categories of sutures
• Continuous Runs from beginning to end with one
  stitch
• Interrupted Tied cut after one or two
  passages

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Continuous Sutures

• Advantage of Continuous Suture
• Simple
• Speed
• Uses less material
• Easy to remove

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• Disadvantage of Continuous Suture
• Strength of the whole suture depends on strength
  of the parts
• Video of Continuous Suture

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• Examples of Continuous Sutures
• 1. Simple Continuous
• 2. Running Suture
• 3. Ford Interlocking

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Simple Continuous
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• Note that the stitch under the skin is horizontal
  to the incision/wound

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Running Suture

• Advances the suture faster prevents leakage
• Accommodates edema during the wound healing
  process
• Similar to the simple continuous suture, except
  the stitch under the skin is also at an angle
  (opposite direction as the visible stitch)

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Ford Interlocking Suture
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• Each passage through tissue is partially locked
• Increased stability due to locked stitch
• Commonly used on Displaced Abomasum surgery in
  cattle

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Interrupted Sutures

• Advantages of Interrupted Sutures
• Stronger
• Tissue will maintain position if one stitch
  breaks
• Disadvantages of Interrupted Sutures
• Requires more material time

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• Examples of interrupted sutures
• Simple Interrupted
• Horizontal Mattress

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Simple Interrupted
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• Be sure that the knot does not rest on incision
• This is an apposing suture bring tissue
  together evenly
• Other sutures invert (turn tissue inward) or
  evert (turn tissue edges outward) tissue

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Horizontal Mattress
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• Mattress suture has great strength of closure
• Each stitch penetrates each side of the wound
  twice and is inserted deep into the tissue

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Suture Needle
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Suture Material

• Absorbable Break down harmlessly in the body
  over time without intervention
• Non-absorbable Manually removed from body
• What determines the type of material used?
• Placement of Suture internal or external

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What are the suture materials made of?

• Absorbable In history, made of catgut,
  intestines of the sheep
• Today they are made of preserved beef sheep
  intestines or synthetic polymer fibers

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• Non-absorbable Natural fibers (silk) that are
  processed or polyester, nylon

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Parts of the Suture Needle
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• Point sharp point on end of suture needle
• Body shape of needle from point to swage
• Swage eye of needle

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Directional Terms

• Ventral belly or underside of body part
• Dorsal back
• Cranial towards the head
• Caudal Towards the tail
• Rostral Nose end of head
• Medial Toward midline
• Lateral Away from midline

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• Proximal Nearest midline or beginning of a
  structure
• Distal Farthest from midline or beginning of a
  structure
• Palmar Distal to carpus
• Bottom of front foot
• Plantar Distal to tarsus
• Bottom of rear foot

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Directional Terms
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• Anterior
• Posterior
• Superior
• Inferior

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Recumbency

• Medical term for lying down
• Modified depending upon which side is facing down

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Dorsal Recumbency

• Lying on the back

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Ventral Recumbency

• Lying on the belly

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Left Lateral Recumbency

• Lying on the left side
• Examples

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Right Lateral Recumbency

• Lying on the right side

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