Basics for Nuclear Particle Physics

1
Basics for Nuclear Particle Physics

• Before starting

2
What are fundamental particles?

• Elementary particles
• Providing the mass
• 6 leptons (light ones)
• 6 quarks
• Gauge particles
• Mediator of forces
• 4 particles (forces)

3
Twelve Elementary Particles
Leptons
Quarks
4
Gauge Particles (mediator of forces)
5
Other Classification
6
Comparison of the Force Scale

• Gravitational force ? 10-40
• Weak force ? 10-7
• Electromagnetic force ? 10-3
• Strong force ? 1

7
Grand Unification Scheme

• To explain forces in terms of exchanging particles

Each coupling constant (related to a specific
force) converges to one value.
8
Unit Systems

• SI (MKS) units
• Meters, kilograms, seconds, etc. (macroscopic)
• Atomic units
• me 1, a.u., etc. (electron base)
• Nuclear units
• fermis, MeV, etc (nucleon base)

9
Properties of Nuclear Unit System

• 1 eV 1.60217646?10-19 J
• The energy which one electron can obtain from 1
  volt potential difference
• The key factor of this unit system
• ?c 197.327 MeV?fermi

Example electric potential energy
10
Feynman Diagrams
But the diagram does not display its coordinate.