Injuries to Epithelial Tissue

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Injuries to Epithelial Tissue
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Injuries to Epithelial Tissues

• Epithelial tissue makes up the layers of our skin
• Many types of epithelial injuries in sports
• Superficial epithelial tissue injuries follow a 3
  step healing process
• Response
• Repair
• Remodeling

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue

• Abrasions
• outer layer of skin has been scraped off
• turf burns, sliding in baseball and softball,
  falling while running xc or track
• Laceration
• jagged tear in the flesh
• head wounds
• usually will need stitches

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissue

• Puncture Wound
• penetration of a sharp object deep in skin
• rare in sports
• Incision
• clean, straight cut
• cut usually made by a very sharp object
• usually needs stitches

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues

• Callus
• thickened area of skin
• usually not painful
• caused by friction against the skin over time
• common areas
• side of big toe
• heel
• ball of foot
• palm of hands

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues

• Blister
• build-up of fluid under skin
• caused by friction against the skin
• occurs rapidly and not over time
• very painful once they develop
• common areas
• heel
• palm
• ball of foot

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues

• Hematomas
• a blood-filled swollen area
• goose-egg
• areas where no muscle present between skin and
  bone
• cranium, shin, under nail beds

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Superficial Injuries to Epithelial Tissues

• Contusions
• injury received by a blow to area
• a bruise
• bleeding spreads out into surrounding tissue
• extremely common in all sports

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Treatment and Care Contusions Hematomas

• Immediate Treatment (RICER)
• Rest
• Ice applied for 20 minutes
• Compression ace bandage
• Elevation
• Range of Motion

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Treatment and Care Contusions Hematomas

• Follow-up Treatment
• Continue to ice
• Mild stretching
• Protect area
• donut-shaped pad over injury

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Skin Infections

• Skin always has some amount of bacteria, fungus,
  and viruses living on it
• Skin infections occur when
• there are breaks in the skin
• organisms have uncontrolled growth

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When worry about skin lesions?

• Lesions are bright red
• Lesions that are warmer compared to other skin
• Inflammation and irritation around the skin
  lesions
• Prior history of infectious skin lesions
• Skin abrasions increase the risk of skin
  infection

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Expertise

• Experienced person with skin lesions, the better
  the medical evaluation
• The best situation is qualified physicians,
  trainers and referees working together for the
  benefit of the athletes

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Skin Infections - Highlights

• Bacteria (can be cured)
• Staphylococcus including MRSA
• Streptococcus bacteria causing Impetigo
• Fungal (can be cured)
• Ringworm
• Athletes foot
• Viral (cant be cured but can be treated)
• Herpes
• Warts
• Molluscum contagiosum

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Skin Infections - Bacteria

• Right antibiotics is required to cure a bacterial
  skin infection
• Antibiotics will not cure fungal or viral
  infections
• Can be the fastest growing infections
• Most easily spread among athletes

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Staphylococcus Infections

• Staph Aureus bacteria commonly cause skin
  infections
• 20 to 30 of healthy people have Staph on their
  skin.
• Staph are resistant to some antibiotics
• all Staph infections can be treated with one or
  more antibiotics

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Staphylococcus Infections

• Athletes, military recruits, children, and
  prisoners are at higher risk of Staph infections.
• Risk of infection increased when there are
• cuts in the skin
• close skin-to-skin contact
• crowded living conditions
• poor hygiene
• contaminated items and surfaces

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Typical Staph Skin Lesions
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Typical Staph Skin Lesions
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MRSA

• MRSA
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
  bacteria
• Does NOT respond to some antibiotics used to
  treat regular Staph
• MRSA skin infections are on rise in high school
  athletes

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MRSA

• MRSA
• Appears on skin as sores or boils
• Looks much like a regular Staph infection
• Spreads through direct contact with people or
  equipment/surfaces contaminated with MRSA

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MRSA

• Treatment
• Dont ignore infected areas
• Dont drain sore yourself
• Seek medical attention
• Doctor will drain sore, bandage and may prescribe
  antibiotics
• Keep sore covered at all times to reduce
  infecting others

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Staph and MRSA

• Staphlycoccus Infections

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Impetigo

• Impetigo
• Highly contagious bacterial skin infection
• Caused by Group A Streptococcus (GAS) bacteria
• Not common in adults but occurs in close contact
  athletes (rugby, football and wrestling)
• Video

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Impetigo

• Impetigo
• Appears first as small blisters
• Blisters evolve to yellowish, honey colored
  crusted blisters
• Can be treated with topical antibiotic
• Cant participate until all blisters are cleared
  up
• Refer athlete to doctor for correct diagnosis

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Staph vs. Strep

• Strep bacteria
• Staph bacteria

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Ringworm

• Ringworm
• Caused by a fungus (not worm) called Tinea
  Corporis
• Appears as ring-shaped lesions on skin
• Spreads through direct contact with infected
  individuals

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Ringworm

• Ringworm
• Fungus thrives on warm, moist skin
• Athletes at greatest risk are wrestlers and
  football
• Accounts for approx 84 of skin infections in
  wrestlers
• Treat with antifungal creams and avoid contact
  with others

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Ringworm

• Tips to prevent ringworm
• 1. Shower after playing sports
• 2. Dry thoroughly after bathing or swimming
• 3. Wash clothes and yourself after each workout
• 4. Avoid contact with individuals who are
  infected
• 5. Dont share towels or clothing with others

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Athletes Foot

• Athletes foot
• Caused by fungus called Tinea Pedis
• Fungus thrives in warm, moist areas
• Contagious and spreads through person to person
  contact
• Also spreads by walking barefoot across
  contaminated floors

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Athletes Foot

• Athletes foot
• Symptoms are burning, itching and scaling of the
  skin
• Treated by many antifungal topical medications
• Keep feet dry as possible, dont walk barefoot
  across locker rooms or weight rooms

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Herpes

• Herpes
• Viral infection
• Most common in athletes is Herpes gladiatorum
  (mat herpes)
• Caused Herpes Simplex Virus type I
• Same virus that causes cold sores

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Herpes

• Herpes
• Once infected, can treat symptoms but have the
  virus inside body for life
• Lesions usually appear on face or upper body
• Contagious during outbreaks
• Seek medical attention
• No practice or play until no longer contagious

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Warts

• Warts
• Most common in athletes is plantar warts
• Caused by human papilloma virus (HPV)
• Virus enters skin through cuts or cracks
• Usually occur on soles of feet and can spread by
  walking barefoot

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Warts

• Warts
• Usually not a health risk
• Can be treated easily with freezing kits or
  cauterization
• Treat immediately to avoid spreading virus to
  others

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Molluscum Contagiosum

• Molluscum Conagiosum
• Caused by the pox virus
• Lesions are contagious and should be treated
  immediately to avoid spreading
• Most common in wrestlers
• Video

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• Wrestling Mats - Haven for Bacteria