Group Six

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• Group Six
• Will Mason
• Tracy Epton
• Maile Kobayashi
• Susan Redick
• Daniel Picciotto
• Charles Phanumphai

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Affirmative Action Defined

• The set of public policies and initiatives
  designed to help eliminate past and present
  discrimination based on race, color, religion,
  sex or national origin

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Milestones in Affirmative Action

• March, 1961
• First mentioned when EEOC was formed
• President Kennedytake affirmative action to
  ensure hiring and employment practices are free
  of racial bias
• July, 1964
• Civil Rights Act, President Johnson
• prohibits discrimination of all kinds based on
  race, color, religion, or national origin.

• September, 1965
• Executive Order 11246
• Enforces Affirmative Action for first time
  towards prospective minorities employees in all
  aspects of hiring and employment
• October, 1967
• Gender becomes included in 11246

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Prelude to Affirmative Action

• Plessy v. Ferguson
• June, 1892
• Dealt with segregation of blacks and whites
• Separate, but equal
• Brown v. Board of Education
• June, 1951
• NAACP argues for black children allowed in white
  schools
• Board of Education argues segregation in schools
  will prepare kids for segregation later in life
• Overturn Plessy v. Ferguson

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Recent Decisions

• Adarand Contractors v. Pena (1995)
• Racial classifications are constitutional only if
  they are narrowly tailored measures that further
  compelling public interests.
• Hopwood v. State of Texas (1996)
• cultural and ethnic diversity simply cannot
  justify the Universitys undisguised racial
  discrimination in the pursuit of a more racially
  heterogeneous faculty.
• Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
  (1978)
• A special admission program setting aside 16
  places in the medical school class for
  disadvantaged students, chiefly racial
  minorities, violated the equal protection clause
  of the 14th amendment and Title VII of the Civil
  Rights Act of 1964

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Anti- Affirmative Action Laws

• California Proposition 209
• Effective Nov. 1997
• Makes illegal the use of race and gender in
  hiring and contracting
• Just one of twelve states to adopt these

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Thoughts???