Ch. 29 The Solar System

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Ch. 29 The Solar System
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29.1 Models of the Solar System

• Geocentric model Earth centered model developed
  by Aristotle
• Did not fit observations such as retrograde
  motion, the backward motion as some planets
  appear to reverse direction..

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• Epicycle model Planets revolved around earth,
  but then planets moved in small chain like
  circles
• This model considered the observations and
  attempted to account for them!!!

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Heliocentric Model

• Developed by Copernicus
• Sun centered model of the Solar System
• Planets orbit in the same direction
• Each planet moves at a different speed and
  distance from the sun

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Keplers Laws Ellipses
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Keplers Laws Ellipses
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Keplers Laws Ellipses
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Keplers Laws

• First Law (Law of Ellipses) The orbits of
  planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus

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Keplers Laws

• Second Law (Law of Equal Area) Planetary motion
  will cover the same area in a given unit of time.

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• Third Law (Law of Periods)
• r3 p2
• The distance of a planet from the sun cubed (r3)
  is proportional to the square of the period (p2).
  
• Period is defined as the length of time for one
  revolution around the sun.

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Keplers 3rd Law

•  

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29.2 The Inner Planets

• Four Planets closest to the sun.
• Terrestrial Planets rock like planets, similar
  to Earth
• During the formation of the solar system,
  materials with low boiling points where driven
  off.

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Mercury

• Planet closest to the sun
• Period 88 days
• Length of a day
• 59 Earth Days!!!!
• Minimal Atmosphere, and slow rotation HUGE
  temperature changes between night and day, 427?C
  and -173 ? C

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Venus

• Period 225 days
• Rotation 243 days
• Same size, mass, and
• density as Earth!
• Dense Atmosphere
• (96 CO2)
• Average surface temperature is 464?C

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Earth

• Third Planet from the Sun
• Period 365.24 days
• Rotation 23 hours, 56 minutes
• Geological Activity
• Because of the lower amounts of CO2, heat is able
  to escape.
• Average temperature 14?C

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Mars

• Fourth planet from the sun.
• Period 687 days
• Rotation 24 hours, 37 minutes
• 2 Moons
• Geologically active
• Volcanoes Olympus Mons
• Water is trapped at ice caps

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29.3 29.4

• The Solar System Continued

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29.3 The Outer Planets

• Gas Giants The Five Planets farthest from the
  sun
• Also called the Jovian Planets because of their
  similarities to Jupiter

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Jupiter

• 5th planet from the sun
• Largest planet in the solar system
• Surface is composed of gasses and liquids
• Composed of Hydrogen and Helium (92)
• Ammonia, Methane, and Water Vapor are also
  present
• Solid Rock Core is a possibility, but not certain
• Has 17 Moons!!!!
• Galilean Moons
• 4 largest satellites

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Saturn

• 6th planet from the sun
• 2nd largest planet in the solar system
• Least dense planet in the solar system
• Rings
• Rocks and ice
• 18 moons!!!

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Uranus

• 7th planet from the sun
• Third largest planet in the solar system
• 20 small moons
• Atmosphere contains methane, hydrogen, and helium

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Neptune

• 8th planet from the sun
• 8 moons
• Atmosphere of hydrogen, helium, and methane
• Frozen methane in the upper atmosphere

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Pluto

• Was the smallest planet in the solar system
• Not considered a planet anymore!!!
• Frozen methane, rock, and ice
• Part of the Keiper Belt
• Has one moon

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29.4 Asteroids, Comets, Meteoroids
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Asteroids

• Fragments of rock that orbit the sun
• gt 50,000 have been observed
• In our solar system, most are found in the
  asteroid belt
• Between Mars and Jupiter
• Possibly remains of plantesimals

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Comets

• Orbit the sun in long ellipses
• Composed of rock, dust, methane, ammonia, and ice
• Core
• Coma
• Tail

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Meteoroids

• Pieces of matter that become detached from
  passing comets or produced from collisions
  between asteroids
• Meteor meteoroids that burn up in the atmosphere
• Meteorite any part of a meteoroid that reaches
  earth

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Keplers Laws

• Activity