Affection of digestive accessory organs

1
Affection of digestive accessory organs

• Liver
• Congenital abnormalities
• Ectopia and increase number of lobes.
• Congenital absence of the portal vein or
  intrahepatic portal broaches

2
Liver

• Acquired lesions
• Injury
• Fracture and displacement of the ribs or sharp
  object migrating through intestinal wall.
• Severe trauma may result avulsion of vena cava
  which due to death within thirty minutes.

3
Liver

• Diagnosis
• Radiography.
• Paracentesis.
• Endoscapy.
• Treatment
• Whole blood.
• Antibiotic (penicillin)
• Glucose infusion.
• Surgical operation.

4
Liver

• Abscess
• Caused by pyogenic organism may metastasis from
  adjacent visora or organs introduce into portal
  blood.
• Clinical signs
• Exhibited malaise and loss of condition.
• Epagastric pain may be with fever.
• Treatment Surgical drainage and antibiotic.

5
Liver

• Neoplasm
• Primary liver tumors are more common than
  metastasis to the lungs and hepatic artery.
• Treatment Surgical removed.

6
Liver

• Chronic fibrosis and cirrhosis
• The toxin or circulatory impairment can result in
  replacement of normal liver parenchyma with
  fibrous tissue.
• Hepatotoxic drags such as carbon tetrachloride
  may cause extensive necrosis of the liver and
  subsequent fibrosis.

7
Spleen

• Tumors
• Diagnosis
• Paracentesis presence of fresh blood.
• Microscopic examination.
• Culturing of aspirated blood growth of tumor
  cells.
• X-rays.
• Endoscope.
• Treatment Splenectomy

8
Spleen

• Rupture
• Splenic rupture is common following automobile
  injuries or sudden blows.
• Diagnosis
• History of trauma.
• Evidence of shock.
• Abdominal tenderness.
• Abdominal paracentesis.
• Treatment Splenectomy.

9
Spleen

• Torsion of the splenic pedicle
• Torsion of the splenic pedicle may occur suddenly
  Acute venous obstruction.
• Clinical signs
• Splenic enlargement.
• Progressive anemia, hypotension, bilirubinuria
  and evidence of gastrointestinal disorder such as
  vomiting, colic, and gastric tympeny.

10
Spleen

• Treatment
• Whole blood transfusion.
• Corrected immediately or splenectomy.
• Abscess
• Abscesses of the spleen accompany pyemia.
• Cyst
• Rarely occurs.

11
Splenectomy

• Complications of splenectomy
• Hemorrhage.
• Injury to the tail of the pancreas.
• Abscess.
• Gastric perforation.

12
Splenectomy

• Indication of splenectomy
• Splenic neoplasm.
• Splenic rupture.
• Splenic infarction
• Splenic torsion.
• Splenic abscess.

13
Splenectomy

• Clinical signs
• Emaciation.
• Ascitis.
• Diagnosis
• Clinical signs.
• Laperotomy.
• Endoscopy.