Title: AMERICAN RED CROSS ADULT CPR
1AMERICAN RED CROSSADULT CPR
2RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENCY
3KEY POINTS
- By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate
action to help, you give a suddenly ill or
injured person the best chance for survival - Emergencies can often be recognized because of
unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or
noises
4OVERCOMING BARRIERSTO ACT
5KEY POINTS
- There are many reasons why bystanders do not get
involved in an emergency situation - It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about
what to do
6COMMON BARRIERS
- The presence of other people may lead one to
assume that someone else will get involved - Uncertainty about the persons condition.
- Type of injury or illness.
- Fear of catching a disease.
- Fear of doing something wrong
- Fear of being sued
- Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1
7Ways to overcomingbarriers to act
- Getting trained in first aid, CPR or AED
- Training to develop the confidence to act, which
enables you to take charge until more advanced
help arrives - Avoiding contact with blood or body fluids by
using protective barriers and following standard
precautions. - Being familiar with Good Samaritan laws and
obtaining consent
8GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
9GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
- All states have enacted Good Samaritan Laws to
protect people who voluntarily give emergency
care, without accepting anything in return.
10GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
- These laws may protect you from legal liability
as long as you - Act in good faith
- Are not deliberately negligent or reckless
- Act within the scope of your training
- Not abandon the person after starting to give
care
11OBTAINING CONSENT
12OBTAINING CONSENT
- You must obtain permission (consent) to help an
ill or injured person. - If a person refuses care, at least call 9-1-1 or
the local emergency number.
13OBTAINING CONSENT
- A person who is unconscious, confused or
seriously ill may not be able to grant consent.
In such cases, consent is implied. Implied
consent means that a person would agree to the
care if he or she could.
14OBTAINING CONSENT
- If the person is a minor, get consent from a
parent or guardian, if present otherwise,
consent is implied. Be sure to notify a parent or
guardian as soon as possible. - Implied consent for a child in a life-threatening
situation means that the parent or guardian would
agree for care to be given.
15OBTAINING CONSENT
- To obtain consent
- State your name
- Tell the person you are trained in first aid.
- Ask the person if you can help.
- Explain what you think may be wrong.
- Explain what you plan to do.
16EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
17KEY POINTS
- Always follow the emergency action steps CHECK
CALL CARE in any emergency - CHECK the scene for safety and then CHECK the
person for life-threatening conditions. - CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.
- CARE for the ill or injured person.
18KEY POINTS
- If you are alone, you must decide to
- Call First or
- Care First
19KEY POINTS
- Call first situations are likely to be cardiac
emergencies. - Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number before
giving care for- - An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or
older - A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant.
- An unconscious infant or child known to be at
high risk for heart problems
20KEY POINTS
- Care First situations are likely to be related to
breathing emergencies. - Care first (give 2 minutes of care, then call
9-1-1 or your local emergency number) for - An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person
younger than age 12. - Any victim of a drowning.
21MOVING AN ILLOR INJURED PERSON
- Usually, when you give first aid, you will not
have to face hazards that require moving the
person immediately. - Moving a person can lead to further injury. You
should move a person only when you can do so
safely and when there is an immediate danger.
22CHECKING ACONSCIOUS ADULT
23KEY POINTS
- For purposes of first aid care, an adult is
defined as someone who is about 12 years of age
or older. - After checking the scene, you should check first
for life-threatening conditions. - Some conditions may become life-threatening if
not recognized and cared for early.
24KEY POINTS
- Obtain consent to give care
- A head-to-toe examination should be done to check
the conscious adult. - Care for the person based on the conditions
found. - Take steps to minimize shock
25RECOGNIZING AND CARING FOR SHOCK
26KEY POINTS
- Shock is a life-threatening condition in which
not enough blood is being delivered to all parts
of the body and can result from injury or illness - Shock is likely to develop after any serious
injury or illness including severe bleeding,
serious internal injury, significant fluid loss
or other conditions
27KEY POINTS
- A person showing signals of shock needs immediate
medical attention - Restlessness or irritability
- Altered level of consciousness
- Nausea or vomiting
- Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
- Rapid breathing
- Excessive thirst
28KEY POINTS
- Caring for shock includes
- Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number
immediately. - Have the person lie down
- Elevate the persons legs about 12 inches unless
you suspect head, neck or back injuries or
possible broken bones of the hips or legs. - Control any bleeding
- Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated
29CHECKING AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT
30KEY POINTS
- First, check to make sure the scene is safe
- Check the person for life-threatening conditions
using the ABCs. - A Airway
- B Breathing
- C - Circulation
31KEY POINTS
- Life-threatening Conditions
- Unconscious
- Not breathing or difficulty breathing
- Choking
- Persistent chest pain
- No signs of life
- Severe bleeding or burns
- Shock
32BREATHING EMERGENCIES
33BREATHING EMERGENCIES
- A breathing emergency occurs when a person is
having trouble breathing (respiratory distress)
or is not breathing at all (respiratory arrest). - Breathing emergencies can be caused by injury,
illness or disease
34KEY POINTS
- Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to
death - A persons airway can be partially or completely
obstructed. - A person with a partial airway obstruction can
still move air to and from the lungs, so he or
she can cough in an attempt to dislodge the object
35KEY POINTS
- A person with a complete airway obstruction is
unable to cough, speak or breath. - A person who is choking will clutch his or her
throat in a gesture known as the universal sign
of choking
36Key Points
- New method is 5 back blows (to the middle of the
shoulder blades) and 5 abdominal thrusts
37CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
38CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone is not
enough to help someone survive a cardiac arrest.
Advanced medical care is needed as soon as
possible. This is why it is so important to call
9-1-1 immediately
39CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
- The greatest chance of survival from cardiac
arrest occurs when - 1. Early recognition and early access. The sooner
9-1-1 is called, the sooner early advanced
medical care arrives. - 2. Early CPR. CPR helps circulate blood
containing oxygen to the vital organs until an
AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel
arrive.
40CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
- 3. Early Defibrillation. Most victims of sudden
cardiac arrest need an electrical shock
(defibrillation). Each minute that defibrillation
is delayed reduces the chance of survival by
about 10 percent.
41CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
- 4. Early advanced medical care. This is given by
trained medical personnel who give further
medical care and transport the victim of cardiac
arrest to a hospital.
42CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
43KEY POINTS
- If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is
unconscious, not breathing and shows no other
signs of life. - CPR can help circulate blood that contains oxygen
to vital organs by a combination of chest
compressions and rescue breaths.
44KEY POINTS
- Place overlapping hands in center of chest on the
lower half of the sternum. - While keeping elbows straight, compress chest 1
1/2 to 2 inches. - Breathe until the chest rises (about 1 second per
breath. - Perform cycles of 30 compressions (18 seconds or
100/minute) and 2 breaths.
45UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
46KEY POINTS
- If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to
make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly
to get air into the person. - Care for an unconscious choking adult is very
similar to adult CPR with the exception that you
look for a foreign object between compressions
and breaths. - Chest compressions are used to help force air
from the persons lungs to dislodge the object.