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AMERICAN RED CROSS ADULT CPR

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Title: AMERICAN RED CROSS ADULT CPR


1
AMERICAN RED CROSSADULT CPR
2
RECOGNIZING AND RESPONDING TO AN EMERGENCY
3
KEY POINTS
  • By recognizing an emergency and taking immediate
    action to help, you give a suddenly ill or
    injured person the best chance for survival
  • Emergencies can often be recognized because of
    unusual sights, appearances, behaviors, odors or
    noises

4
OVERCOMING BARRIERSTO ACT
5
KEY POINTS
  • There are many reasons why bystanders do not get
    involved in an emergency situation
  • It is normal to feel hesitant or unsure about
    what to do

6
COMMON BARRIERS
  • The presence of other people may lead one to
    assume that someone else will get involved
  • Uncertainty about the persons condition.
  • Type of injury or illness.
  • Fear of catching a disease.
  • Fear of doing something wrong
  • Fear of being sued
  • Being unsure of when to call 9-1-1

7
Ways to overcomingbarriers to act
  • Getting trained in first aid, CPR or AED
  • Training to develop the confidence to act, which
    enables you to take charge until more advanced
    help arrives
  • Avoiding contact with blood or body fluids by
    using protective barriers and following standard
    precautions.
  • Being familiar with Good Samaritan laws and
    obtaining consent

8
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
9
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
  • All states have enacted Good Samaritan Laws to
    protect people who voluntarily give emergency
    care, without accepting anything in return.

10
GOOD SAMARITAN LAWS
  • These laws may protect you from legal liability
    as long as you
  • Act in good faith
  • Are not deliberately negligent or reckless
  • Act within the scope of your training
  • Not abandon the person after starting to give
    care

11
OBTAINING CONSENT
12
OBTAINING CONSENT
  • You must obtain permission (consent) to help an
    ill or injured person.
  • If a person refuses care, at least call 9-1-1 or
    the local emergency number.

13
OBTAINING CONSENT
  • A person who is unconscious, confused or
    seriously ill may not be able to grant consent.
    In such cases, consent is implied. Implied
    consent means that a person would agree to the
    care if he or she could.

14
OBTAINING CONSENT
  • If the person is a minor, get consent from a
    parent or guardian, if present otherwise,
    consent is implied. Be sure to notify a parent or
    guardian as soon as possible.
  • Implied consent for a child in a life-threatening
    situation means that the parent or guardian would
    agree for care to be given.

15
OBTAINING CONSENT
  • To obtain consent
  • State your name
  • Tell the person you are trained in first aid.
  • Ask the person if you can help.
  • Explain what you think may be wrong.
  • Explain what you plan to do.

16
EMERGENCY ACTION STEPS
17
KEY POINTS
  • Always follow the emergency action steps CHECK
    CALL CARE in any emergency
  • CHECK the scene for safety and then CHECK the
    person for life-threatening conditions.
  • CALL 9-1-1 or the local emergency number.
  • CARE for the ill or injured person.

18
KEY POINTS
  • If you are alone, you must decide to
  • Call First or
  • Care First

19
KEY POINTS
  • Call first situations are likely to be cardiac
    emergencies.
  • Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number before
    giving care for-
  • An unconscious adult or adolescent age 12 or
    older
  • A witnessed sudden collapse of a child or infant.
  • An unconscious infant or child known to be at
    high risk for heart problems

20
KEY POINTS
  • Care First situations are likely to be related to
    breathing emergencies.
  • Care first (give 2 minutes of care, then call
    9-1-1 or your local emergency number) for
  • An unwitnessed collapse of an unconscious person
    younger than age 12.
  • Any victim of a drowning.

21
MOVING AN ILLOR INJURED PERSON
  • Usually, when you give first aid, you will not
    have to face hazards that require moving the
    person immediately.
  • Moving a person can lead to further injury. You
    should move a person only when you can do so
    safely and when there is an immediate danger.

22
CHECKING ACONSCIOUS ADULT
23
KEY POINTS
  • For purposes of first aid care, an adult is
    defined as someone who is about 12 years of age
    or older.
  • After checking the scene, you should check first
    for life-threatening conditions.
  • Some conditions may become life-threatening if
    not recognized and cared for early.

24
KEY POINTS
  • Obtain consent to give care
  • A head-to-toe examination should be done to check
    the conscious adult.
  • Care for the person based on the conditions
    found.
  • Take steps to minimize shock

25
RECOGNIZING AND CARING FOR SHOCK
26
KEY POINTS
  • Shock is a life-threatening condition in which
    not enough blood is being delivered to all parts
    of the body and can result from injury or illness
  • Shock is likely to develop after any serious
    injury or illness including severe bleeding,
    serious internal injury, significant fluid loss
    or other conditions

27
KEY POINTS
  • A person showing signals of shock needs immediate
    medical attention
  • Restlessness or irritability
  • Altered level of consciousness
  • Nausea or vomiting
  • Pale, ashen, cool, moist skin
  • Rapid breathing
  • Excessive thirst

28
KEY POINTS
  • Caring for shock includes
  • Call 9-1-1 or your local emergency number
    immediately.
  • Have the person lie down
  • Elevate the persons legs about 12 inches unless
    you suspect head, neck or back injuries or
    possible broken bones of the hips or legs.
  • Control any bleeding
  • Keep the person from getting chilled or overheated

29
CHECKING AN UNCONSCIOUS ADULT
30
KEY POINTS
  • First, check to make sure the scene is safe
  • Check the person for life-threatening conditions
    using the ABCs.
  • A Airway
  • B Breathing
  • C - Circulation

31
KEY POINTS
  • Life-threatening Conditions
  • Unconscious
  • Not breathing or difficulty breathing
  • Choking
  • Persistent chest pain
  • No signs of life
  • Severe bleeding or burns
  • Shock

32
BREATHING EMERGENCIES
33
BREATHING EMERGENCIES
  • A breathing emergency occurs when a person is
    having trouble breathing (respiratory distress)
    or is not breathing at all (respiratory arrest).
  • Breathing emergencies can be caused by injury,
    illness or disease

34
KEY POINTS
  • Choking is a breathing emergency that can lead to
    death
  • A persons airway can be partially or completely
    obstructed.
  • A person with a partial airway obstruction can
    still move air to and from the lungs, so he or
    she can cough in an attempt to dislodge the object

35
KEY POINTS
  • A person with a complete airway obstruction is
    unable to cough, speak or breath.
  • A person who is choking will clutch his or her
    throat in a gesture known as the universal sign
    of choking

36
Key Points
  • New method is 5 back blows (to the middle of the
    shoulder blades) and 5 abdominal thrusts

37
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES
38
CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) alone is not
    enough to help someone survive a cardiac arrest.
    Advanced medical care is needed as soon as
    possible. This is why it is so important to call
    9-1-1 immediately

39
CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
  • The greatest chance of survival from cardiac
    arrest occurs when
  • 1. Early recognition and early access. The sooner
    9-1-1 is called, the sooner early advanced
    medical care arrives.
  • 2. Early CPR. CPR helps circulate blood
    containing oxygen to the vital organs until an
    AED is ready to use or advanced medical personnel
    arrive.

40
CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
  • 3. Early Defibrillation. Most victims of sudden
    cardiac arrest need an electrical shock
    (defibrillation). Each minute that defibrillation
    is delayed reduces the chance of survival by
    about 10 percent.

41
CARDIAC CHAIN OF SURVIVAL
  • 4. Early advanced medical care. This is given by
    trained medical personnel who give further
    medical care and transport the victim of cardiac
    arrest to a hospital.

42
CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)
43
KEY POINTS
  • If a person is in cardiac arrest, he or she is
    unconscious, not breathing and shows no other
    signs of life.
  • CPR can help circulate blood that contains oxygen
    to vital organs by a combination of chest
    compressions and rescue breaths.

44
KEY POINTS
  • Place overlapping hands in center of chest on the
    lower half of the sternum.
  • While keeping elbows straight, compress chest 1
    1/2 to 2 inches.
  • Breathe until the chest rises (about 1 second per
    breath.
  • Perform cycles of 30 compressions (18 seconds or
    100/minute) and 2 breaths.

45
UNCONSCIOUS CHOKING
46
KEY POINTS
  • If you attempt rescue breaths but are unable to
    make the chest clearly rise, you must act quickly
    to get air into the person.
  • Care for an unconscious choking adult is very
    similar to adult CPR with the exception that you
    look for a foreign object between compressions
    and breaths.
  • Chest compressions are used to help force air
    from the persons lungs to dislodge the object.
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