Biological%20Diversity%20

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Biological Diversity Conservation
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Human Activities

• affect the biosphere
• Hunting and gathering
• Have caused extinctions
• Agriculture
• Provides food supply
• Source of pollution
• Industry and Urban development
• Pollution producer
• Loss of farmland
• Loss of habitats

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Resources

• Renewable resources - can be replaced within a
  humans lifetime
• can regenerate (ex. trees, plants) or can be
  replenished easily (ex. water)
• Nonrenewable resources limited, not usually
  replaceable within centuries
• cannot be replenished easily by natural processes
  
• (ex. fossil fuels take millions of years to
  form)

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If no one person owns it, everybody does!
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Resources

• As the population grows, it exerts pressure on
  Earths natural resources
• How do we do that? What do we do?
• Effective management of Earths resources will
  help meet the needs of the future
• What are some ways of managing natural resources?
• What will happen when humans reach carrying
  capacity on Earth?

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Biodiversity

• Biodiversity is the variety of all organisms
  in the biosphere

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Biodiversity

• Biodiversity is important because
• Organisms give us resources food, medicine,
  industrial products
• Maintains food webs and balance in nature
• Living things are interdependent humans are
  part of food webs and energy cycles

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Threats to Biodiversity

1. Endangerment a population so small that its in
   danger of extinction
2. Extinction when no members of a species are left
   alive

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Threats to Biodiversity
endangered
threatened
extinct
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Threats to Biodiversity

• 3. Habitat Destruction
• Deforestation and development split ecosystems,
  cutting species off from one another and
  endangering resources like food --- also called
  habitat fragmentation

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 3. Habitat Destruction
• Deforestation causes soil erosion and drought (no
  rain)

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Habitat Loss

• The biggest reason for the decline in
  biodiversity
• Results in loss of habitat makes a species
  more vulnerable to extinction

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 4. Bioaccumulation (biomagnification)
• Toxic chemicals (from pesticides, herbicides)
  build up in animal tissue and move up a food
  chain hurts highest level consumers

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 4. Bioaccumulation (biomagnification)
• DDT (a pesticide) accumulated at higher trophic
  levels, was banned in the U.S. in 1972 Silent
  Spring Rachel Carson

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 4. Bioaccumulation (biomagnification)
• DDT (a pesticide) accumulated at higher trophic
  levels, was banned in the U.S. in 1972 Silent
  Spring Rachel Carson

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 4. Bioaccumulation (biomagnification)
• Alternatives
• Integrated Pest Management using predatory
  insects to control pests instead of harmful
  chemicals
• For example, ladybugs eat aphids

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 5. Invasive species
• Foreign species brought into an ecosystem (by
  accident or on purpose)
• No natural predators
• Examples kudzu, pythons, zebra mussel

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• KUDZU

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Non-native species

• Pythons in FL
• Snakeheads

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 6. Global Warming Climate Change
• Overall rise in global temperature because of
  increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 6. Global Warming
• Effects of global warming
• Drought (changed weather patterns)
• Ice cap melting and sea level rise (loss of
  habitats)

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 7. Ozone Depletion
• Ozone layer protects us from UV rays --- UV rays
  damage livingtissues and cause cancer

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 7. Ozone Depletion
• Use of CFCs (from aerosols resulted in ozone
  depletion

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 8. Pollution
• Water Pollution when excess fertilizers and
  waste are carried into lakes and streams, it can
  cause algal blooms depleting oxygen and
  endangering other organisms

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 8. Pollution
• Land Pollution most trash becomes part of
  billions of tons of solid waste buried in
  landfills
• Trash burning releases greenhouse gases,
  landfills poison soils and destroy habitats

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 9. Acid Rain
• Burning fossil fuels (from industry and cars)
  releases sulfur and nitrogen compounds into the
  atmosphere, which combine with water in the air
  to make acids, which then fall as rain.

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Threats to Biodiversity

• 9. Acid Rain
• Acidification affects aquatic ecosystems
• Damages plants by acidification of soils
• Breakdown of building materials, paints,
  statues, and sculptures that arepart of our
  cultural heritage

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Poor management of the environment leads to

• Soil Erosion (loss of fertile soil, less
  agriculture) and desertification (productive
  land?desert)
• Deforestation (loss of forests, habitats)
• Overfishing and overgrazing
• General loss of resources

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Conservationpast and future steps

• Wise management of natural resources (renewable
  and non-renewable)
• Efforts to preserve habitats and the species
  within

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Conservationpast and future steps

• More examples
• Stewardship the activity or job of protecting
  and being responsible for something

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Conservationpast and future steps

• More examples
• Conservation of water, paper (recycling)
• Establishment of natural parks, nature reserves
• Protecting endangered species, making efforts to
  breed/restore populations

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Conservationpast and future steps

• Example identifying Hot Spots
• Areas where species are in danger of extinction
• 1933 Civilian Conservation Corp.
• Tree Army
• 1966 Endangered Species Preservation Act
• 1970 1st celebration of Earth Day

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Sustainable Development

• Using natural resources without depleting them
  or causing long-term environmental harm
• Examples
• Integrated Pest Management
• Recycling of natural resources

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Captain Planet!