Grapheme to Phoneme correspondence in English.

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Grapheme to Phoneme correspondence in English.

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• A phoneme is an atom of pronounced language.
• A grapheme is an atom of written language.
• -For example, there's a phoneme called the
  "voiceless velar plosive" that initiates the
  English words "catch" and "king". Its IPA symbol
  is k.
• -As a different example,
• there's a Latin-alphabetical grapheme
• called "c" that initiates the English
• words "chariot" and "ceiling".

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• In typography, a grapheme is the atomic unit in
  written language. Graphemes include letters,
  Chinese characters, Japanese characters,
  numerals, punctuation marks, and other glyphs.
• In a phonological orthography, a grapheme
  corresponds to one phoneme.
• In English multiple graphemes may represent a
  single phoneme.
• For example, the word ship contains four
  graphemes
• (s, h, i, and p) but only three phonemes,
  because sh is a digraph.

In English, the main graphemes are the twenty-six
units that make up the alphabet.
Other graphemes include the various marks of
punctuation lt.gt, ltgt, etc., and such special
symbols as lt_at_gt, ltgt, and (). . . .
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• There are about 40 distinctive phonemes in
  English, but 70 letters or letter combinations to
  symbolize phonemes.
• This makes pronouncing spellings easier than
  writing correct spellings.

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Relation between grapheme and phoneme
(sound-letter)
Two related concepts
Alphabetic principle- knowing that speech can be
turned into print, that print can be turned into
speech, and that letters are used to represent
sounds in the language.

• Letter recognition-
• is the ability to recognise and name the letters
  of the alphabet.
• -recognising and recalling the shapes of letters,
• identifying lower and upper case letters,
• -and recognising letters in isolation , etc

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Phoneme-grapheme correspondence in English

• 1.  Digraph- two graphemes-one phoneme.
• Sheet ?, chick ?,k, photograph f
• 2. Silent grapheme- doesnt represent any sound
  at all (like the b in English debt).
• 3. Diphtong- a sound formed by the combination of
  two vowels in a single syllable
• Time ai

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Presentation of Graphemes and Phonemes in English

phoneme grapheme sample representation
/i/ ee week diphthong
/o/ o, a on, was Single phoneme
/k/ ck clock digraph
/s/ c muscle Silent phoneme

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Diphthongs

• Types of vowels where two vowel sounds are
  connected in a continuous, gliding motion.
• Phoneme grapheme sample
• /ai/ e,i
  eye, bike
• /ei/ a
  same
• /ia/ y
  yard

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Digraphs

• Two graphemes used as one.
• Phoneme grapheme
  sample
• /?/ sh
  shake
• /?/ ch
  check
• /?/ th
  thin
• /?/ sh
  shake
• /?/ ch
  check

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The End.