National Mission on Education through ICT IIT Bombay

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National Mission on Education through ICTIIT
Bombay
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What is Project OSCAR?

• Project OSCAR (Open Source Courseware Animations
  Repository) aims

• Create a large repository of web-based,
  interactive animations for teaching various
  concepts and technologies.
• This could be useful not only for classroom
  teaching but also for enabling
  independent-learning and distance education.

• So far been working on creating school level
  animations(Classes 8-12)
• We had however also created some animations of
  Under-graduate levels in Mechanical Engineering
  and Computer Science
• Example Six-bar Linkage http//oscar.iitb.ac.in/
  availableProposalsAction.do?typeavid167languag
  eenglish

Image Formation by Spherical mirrors
http//oscar.iitb.ac.in/availableProposalsAction.d
o?typeavid110languageenglish
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Current goal of Project OSCAR

• Focus on developing animations on concepts at
  Under-Graduate and Post-Graduate
  levels.
• Attempting to create animations across all
  domains in Science and Engineering by following
  an NPTEL-like hierarchy.
• To create animations to teach concepts in the
  school level.
• To provide training opportunities to a large
  number of students, in the creation of an
  animation for a particular conceptalong with
  management and maintenance of the animations in
  the repository.

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National Mission on Education through ICT

• Launched by the Ministry of Human Resources
  Development (MHRD), Government of
  India
• Goal is to raise the levels of education in
  India
• Indians can avail of free of cost e-knowledge
  contents
• Spread of digital literacy to create teacher
  empowerment

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Are animations really useful?

• No formal study has been conducted yet.
• Opportunity for education researchers!
• Anecdotal evidence of usefulness

• Enthused response from faculties students.
• Case in point A professor had
  hired an animation company to make animations for
  his lectures. He was surprised to get an
  animation for free and that too with payment for
  his TA.

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Google Analytics
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Google Analytics
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Aren't animations already available?

• Yes, lots of animations/videos available on the
  web.
• You may be using them in your courses already.
  

So, why yet another effort?

• Most animations are proprietary and/or have some
  licensing issues. Can only be viewed
  online.
• Cannot be downloaded.
• Cannot be distributed to remote
  colleges.
• Most efforts are in bits and pieces typically a
  group working in a particular discipline creates
  animations for their courses.

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What is different about this work?

• Creative Commons license can be freely
  distributed.
• Open Source code can be reviewed/extended etc.
• Supported by MHRD's National Mission.
• This is perhaps the first effort to create
  supporting material for courses on such a large
  scale.
• Current Target All of NPTEL and CDEEP courses.
• MHRD's goal All of higher education courses.

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How do we plan to do this?

• Creating animations is manpower intensive
• Requires domain expertise (knowledge of subject)?
• Requires design expertise (visual communication)?
• Requires programming expertise (Java/Flash/Blender
  )?
• So far
• We trained programmers to also become subject
  experts and designers!
• Going forward
• We need to scale (and replicate) the animation
  creation process.
• Can be done ... with your participation!

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Process overview
OSCAR PROCESS MODEL
1.Concept proposal Submission
5.Approved Animation
Reviewer
2.Storyboard Development
3.Animation Design Development
6.Animation Inducted In OSCAR Repository
4.Animation Applet Coding
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Faculty How can you participate?

• Propose idea
• Review Instructional Design Document
• Review the animation

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Faculty why should you participate?

• You will have an animation to use in your class
  the next time you teach the course!
  
• These animations will be open source and will be
  available for free download from
  http//oscar.iitb.ac.in
• The animations would be useful not only for
  classroom teaching but also for
  independent-learning.

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Faculty who have already participated as Concept
Proposers/Reviewers

• 1. Prof. C. Amarnath 8. Prof. K.
  Chebrolu
• 2. Prof. P.S.Gandhi 9. Prof.
  S. Chakrabarty
• 3. Prof. U.Gaitonde 10. Prof. P.
  Bhattacharya
• 4. Prof. S. Kedare 11. Prof. S.
  Mahajani
• 5. Prof. M.Atrey 12. Prof.
  S. Chaudhuri
• 6. Prof. U.Bhandarkar
• 7. Prof. A.Agrawal

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Faculty who have expressed interest to
participate

• 1. Prof. Pradeep P.I. 8.
  Prof. N.N.Viswanathan
• 2. Prof. A. Contractor 9.
  Prof. K. Ramasubramanian
• 3. Prof. H. Pillai
  10. Prof. R. Banerjee
• 4. Prof. P.Sunthar 11.
  Prof. K. Narayanan
• 5. Prof. A.Dutta
  12. Prof. A.K. Pani
• 6. Prof. R. Sunoj 13.
  Prof. I.N.N.Nambothiri
• 7. Prof. B. Tembe 14.
  Prof. M Gururajan

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Faculty who have expressed interest to
participate from ltCollege namegt
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Students How can you participate?

• Research Scholars / Teaching Assistants /Research
  Assistants

• Propose a concept to animate
• Fill up the Instructional Design Document (IDD)?
• Your IDD should contain instructions of how the
  concept will be explained to novice viewers
• Your IDD should also contain instructions of what
  to show for animators for e.g. Color coding,
  boundary conditions etc.
• Mail us your filled up IDD at oscar_at_it.iitb.ac.in
  
• On final approval you will earn decent honorarium

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Students How can you participate?

• Programmers
  

• Register yourself as Developer at
  http//oscar.iitb.ac.in/OSCARPPsignupdescription.d
  o
• Choose an approved 'Instructional Design
  Document' from the list shown online
• Submit the Animation Design and your source code
  for review.
• On final approval , you will paid a decent
  honorarium
• Your approved animation will be uploaded at
  OSCAR site with developer attribution going to
  you

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Students why should you participate?

• Research Scholars / Teaching Assistants /Research
  Assistants

• Contribute to MHRD's National Mission on
  Education through ICT
• Earn decent honorarium for each of your approved
  IDDs
• Get attribution as concept proposer in OSCAR
  website

• Programmers

• Contribute to MHRD's National Mission on
  Education through ICT
• Earn decent honorarium for each of your approved
  animation designs
• In addition, win decent honorariums for each of
  your approved animation coding
• Get attribution as developer in OSCAR website

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Details and Examples
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OSCAR Process Stages
Stage 1 Proposal Stage
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Stage 2 Storyboard Stage
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Stage 3.1 Implementation Stage
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Stage 3.2 Implementation Stage
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Stage 2

• IDD template and example

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Instruction slide

• This is a template to create an Instructional
  Design Document of the concept you have selected
  for creating animation.
• This will take you through a 5 section process to
  provide the necessary details to the animator
  before starting the animation.
• The legend on the left will indicate the current
  status of the document. The Black coloured number
  will denote the current section, the Turquoise
  color would denote the completed sections, and
  the Sky blue color would denote the remaining
  sections.
• The slides having 'Instructions' would have a
  Yellow box, as shown on the top of this slide.

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Write the Title of the concept here

• Add Instructor/Instructors name here

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Definitions and Keywords
1
2

• Add the keywords with definitions which are used
  in this concept
• Add more slides if required

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4
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Concept details
Instruction Slide
1

• In this section, provide the stepwise detailed
  explanation of the concept.
• Please fill in the steps of the explanation of
  the concepts in the table format available in the
  slides to follow (see the sample below).
• Resize the table dimensions as per your
  requirements.

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Concept details
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Interactivity and Boundary limits
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Instruction Slide
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Questionnaire to test the user

• A small, (5 questions) questionnaire can be
  created in the next slide, to test the user's
  comprehension.
• This can be an objective type questionnaire.
• It can also be an exercise, based on the concept
  taught in this animation.

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Questionnaire
1

• 1.
• Answers a) b) c) d)?
• 2.
• Answers a) b) c) d)?
• 3.
• Answers a) b) c) d)?
• 4.
• Answers a) b) c) d)?
• 5.
• Answers a) b) c) d)?

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3
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Instruction Slide
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Links for further reading

• In the subsequent slide, you can provide links,
  which can be relevant for the user to understand
  the concept further.
• Add more slides in necessary

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Links for further reading
1
ADD LINKS HERE
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3
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ROBOT DYNAMICS CONTROL SUBJECT MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING NAME PROF P S GANDHI
Title of the concept, subject. Name of the author
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Animation Medium 2D Software JAVA

• Mention what will be your animation medium 2D
  or 3D
• Mention the software to be used for animation
  development JAVA, Flash, Blender, Shikav,
  Maya..etc

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1.PID Controller Simulation 2. Regulation 3.
Tracking
PID Controller Combining all three modes of
control(proportional, integral and derivative)
enables a controller to be produced which has no
offset error and reduces the tendency for
oscillations.
Regulation User selects two points (if non
interactive point is already specified) and
robot takes end effector from one point to
another in two or three different ways without
bothering about path to go from A to B
Tracking User selects two points and robot
takes end effector from one point to another in a
straight line (specified) fashion. Or one point
is considered centre and another on the circle
that the end effector draws.
Definitions of the keywords used in the animation
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PID Controller
Let us consider the Close Loop System
Controller
Plant
e
u
Y
R

-
Where, Plant A system to be controlled Controll
er Provides the excitation for the plant
Designed to control the overall system behavior
Describe the concept chosen and clearly
illustrate how you want to explain the concept
in the animation.
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- The transfer function of the PID controller
looks like the following
Kp Proportional gain KI Integral gain Kd
Derivative gain
- The variable (e) represents the tracking error,
the difference between the desired input value
(R) and the actual output (Y). This error signal
(e) will be sent to the PID controller, and the
controller computes both the derivative and the
integral of this error signal. The signal (u)
just past the controller is now equal to the
proportional gain (Kp) times the magnitude of the
error plus the integral gain (Ki) times the
integral of the error plus the derivative gain
(Kd) times the derivative of the error.
- This signal (u) will be sent to the plant, and
the new output (Y) will be obtained. This new
output (Y) will be sent back to the sensor again
to find the new error signal (e). The controller
takes this new error signal and computes its
derivative and its integral again. This process
goes on and on.
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The Close Loop System with PID Control
Where, KP Proportional Gain KD Derivative
Gain KI Integral Gain
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1. To explain how PID Controller controls
manipulator ( Slides 11 to 15)? - As gain
is varied animation can display how the robot
links along with end effector will behave. Graph
on the simulation window can be generated as the
robot motion evolves in time. Interactive
version Users can change the PID gains, robot
parameters interactively and observe the
variation in the behavior. 2. Regulation End
effector can reach target through different paths
(Slide 18)? - User selects two points (if
non interactive point is already specified) and
robot takes end effector from one point to
another in two/ three different ways without
bothering about path to go from A to B 3.
Tracking End Effector can follow specified path
(Slide 19)? - User selects two points and
robot takes end effector from one point to
another in a straight line (specified) fashion.
Or one point is considered centre and another on
the circle that the end effector draws.
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• Let 2DOF manipulator shown below are required to
  be moved from position 1 to position 2.
• In this case if we use different gains we will
  get different outputs, which we want to
  demonstrate.

2
Y
1
Manipulator
X
11
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• For example, if we give only proportional gain,
  then manipulator will not reach its desired
  position. It will start vibrating there as shown
  below

2
2
Y
1
Y
Manipulator
X
X
Fig Manipulator at initial position, Position 2
gt desired output
Fig Output due to proportional gain alone
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• When the input is proportional and derivative
  gain, then it will stop vibrating but there will
  be some offset between position of end effector
  desired position 2.

2
Y
Steady State Error
time
X
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Fig. PD Output ( Steady State offset)?
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• If we use PID controller then it will not vibrate
  ,not even if there is any offset in position. It
  will reach its desired position.

2
Y
X
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Brief

• (a) gt given Position of manipulator
• (b) gt if press P (vibration)?
• (c ) gt if press PD (no vibration but offset)?
• (d) gt if press PID (no vibration offset)?

(a)?
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(b)?
(c)?
(d)?
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• Plots
• If PD Controller used, there will always be some
  offset.
• Here for different derivative gains we can show
  its output

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• The variation with integral gain can also be
  plotted.
• Here user will specified specific value.

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Regulation
Regulation User selects two points (if non
interactive point is already specified) and
robot takes end effector from one point to
another in two /three different ways without
bothering about path to go from A to B
Figure gt
1
2
gt User Defined Positions A gt
manipulator end effector moves from 1 to 2
through path A B gt same manipulator end
effector moves from 1 to 2 through path B One
manipulator can take number of paths to reached
desired target.
Y
2
1
A
B
Note It is single manipulator following
different paths to reach same targets
gt Path B
X
gt Path A
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Tracking
Tracking User selects two points and robot takes
end effector from one point to another in a
straight line (specified) fashion. Or one point
is considered centre and another on the circle
that the end effector draws.
2
Y
Y
?2'
1
?1'
?2
?2
?1
?1
X
X
CASE I
CASE II
Case I gt User defines any two points (let 1
2), then manipulator end effector will move from
1 to 2 through straight line by adjusting angles
?1 ?2
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Case IIgt manipulator end effector will move
along circumference of circle by
adjusting angles ?1 ?2
Note Points and circle are within reachable
workplace
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• User should be able to see how different gains
  have different outputs.
• If we combine all gains like proportional,
  derivative and integral ,then how the system
  performs?
• In slide 15, as mentioned the three press buttons
  indicates the activation of required gain. User
  will simply press it with the mouse click and
  then be able to see its output through animation.
  
• Regulation Case 1 manipulator should be showed
  on desktop with given link and joint parameters.
  User can select any two points on desktop. If
  points are within reachable workspace then
  manipulator will work as explained in slides.
• Case 2 If points are not within workspace then
  there should be certain option to ask for
  changing link parameters to bring points within
  workspace.
• Tracking User will select two points or required
  path. Manipulator will follow that path as
  explained in slide i.e. either straight line or
  circular etc.

List out user interactions that will be there to
enhance the understanding of the concept in the
animation.
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After going through this animation, the viewer
should be able to answer simple questions like
1) What is PID controller? A) Proportional
Integral Derivative (Slide 7 to 9)? 2) What will
be the output if only proportional controller
implements? A) Vibration (slide 12)? 3) What
will be the output if only proportional
Derivative controller implements? A) Steady state
offset (Slide 13)? 4) What is Regulation? A)
Slide No. 18 5) What is Tracking? A) Slide No.
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A small questionnaire with answers based on the
concept.
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• http//nptel.iitm.ac.in/
• - link - NPTEL coursesgtgtMechanical
  Engg.gtgt Robotics(web)gtgtcourse contentgtgt Robot
  Dynamics and control (Lecture 33)?
• http//decibel.ni.com/content/docs/DOC-2781
• http//www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/PID/PID.html

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Links for further reading/references
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1. Audio support required. 2. Colour changes to
be shown. 4. Clear Demonstration of PID
Controller output on manipulator 5. Plots for
different gains. 6. Theory will come in the left
panel of the animation or in response to
pressing a 'Theory' button. 7. Keywords should
come in 'Glossary' section. 8. 'Help' button
should give stepwise instruction of how to
operate the animation. (User Friendly Desktop)?
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Further User Specification
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Stage 3

• Programming process

• Select from the list of approved Instruction
  Design Documents
• Fill up submit the Applet Design Document
  online
• On approval, create the animation source code
  following coding guidelines given online.
• Submit the source code class diagrams for
  review
• On approval, animation inducted in Project OSCAR
  repository

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Examples of animation created by Java
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Examples of animation created by Flash
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Examples of animation created by Blender
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Examples of animation created by Shikav
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Examples of animation created by Shikav
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Facets of Project OSCAR
3. Curriculum and Teacher Support
1. Contribution to Open Source
4. Adaptation of content to local needs
2. Training Students
5. Research Offshoots
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What to do next?

• For Faculties
• a. If you have a concept in mind right now,
  please fill out the Concept Definition Form
• b. Also please give contact details of your
  TA/RA/RS
• c. In case, you want to send the concepts to
  animate later, please email them to
  gargi_at_it.iitb.ac.in
• d. We will contact you and your TA/RA/RS to get
  the animation made

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What to do next?

• For TA/RA/RS

• If you have a concept in mind, fill up the
  Instruction Design Document Form
• If approved by your faculty, you will then have
  to mail us at oscar_at_it.iitb.ac.in the filled
  Instruction Design Document(IDD) ppt we have
  already mailed you by September 20,2009 to avail
  of the prizes.
• In case, you want to send the concepts later,
  email the Instruction Design Document ppt,
  already mailed to you, directly to
  oscar_at_it.iitb.ac.in by September 20,2009 to avail
  of the prizes.
• Reviewers' decision will be final and binding.

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