Sun Exposure

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Sun Exposure

• Effects from the most prominent object in our
  solar system

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Learning Goal

• The Student will be able to explain the POSITIVE
  and NEGATIVE impact the sun has on human health!

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Talk at your table

• Brainstorm with your table, what do you already
  know about the Suns impact on human health.

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What we already know
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Ultraviolet Radiation

• Primary Source natural the Sun!!!

• Secondary Source artificial tanning beds

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Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)

• UVA rays
• Weakest rays
• Impairs skins immune defense
• Causes melanoma, wrinkling, premature aging
• Prevalent in tanning salons (which emit 5X more
  UVA than natural sunlight!)

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Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)

• UVB Rays
• Stronger than UVA rays
• Affects skins outer layers
• Causes sunburn, skin aging, basal and squamous
  cell cancers
• More intense during summer, closer to equator,
  and at higher altitudes
• Prolonged exposure can also alter the immune
  system!

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Types of Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR)

• UVC Rays
• Strongest, most dangerous rays
• Receive little attention from scientists and
  doctors
• Are usually filtered by the ozone layer and dont
  reach Earth.

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Youth are at risk because.

• They have high levels of sun exposure,
• They have low levels of sun protection,
• They have many outdoor jobs
• Lifeguards, tree planters, student painters, camp
  counselors, etc.
• They work many spring/summer jobs when they are
  out of school and the sun is strongest!

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Risk factors that increase the chances of skin
cancer

• Unprotected exposure to UV radiation
• Fair complexion
• Family history
• Multiple or atypical moles
• Severe sunburns as a child

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How Skin Cancer is Caused

• UVR lowers the bodys immune system makes it
  hard to destroy defective cells
• Skin is tanned and/or burned via exposure
• Damage is done to cells and DNA
• Some cells die some repair themselves by getting
  rid of the damaged DNA
• Cells that cannot repair themselves, become
  defective
• Defective cells that are not destroyed slowly
  grow and produce a tumor.

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Types of skin cancer

• Brainstorm with your partners What are the
  different types of skin cancer? What type is the
  worst? Etc.
• Be ready to report out!

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Three kinds of Skin Cancer Exist!

• Melanoma
• Basal Cell cancer
• Squamous cell cancer
• Actinic/solar keratoses (pre-malignant)

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Melanoma

• Least common most serious
• Starts as flat brown spot ( freckle)
• Asymmetrical shape
• Common on upper back in men calf back in women

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Basal Cell Cancer

• On sun-exposed areas
• Starts as blister-like bump
• Can grow and eventually becomes crusted
• Usually spot is clear/flesh colored can be
  pigmented

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma

• Develops on background of severe sun damage
• Has scaling with pink or brown coloring
• On sun-exposed areas
• Scaling can be picked off but reforms

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Actinic/Solar Keratoses

• Are pre-malignant
• Some will develop into squamous cell carcinoma
• The scaly lesions will become harder, elevated,
  and more crusted

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What are the signs of skin cancer?

• Any change on the skin, especially in the size or
  color of a mole or other darkly pigmented growth
  or spot, or a new growth
• Scaly-ness, oozing, bleeding, or change in the
  appearance of a bump or nodule
• The spread of pigmentation beyond its border such
  as dark coloring that spreads past the edge of a
  mole or mark
• A change in sensation, itchiness, tenderness, or
  pain

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Did you know.

• 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer?
• a persons risk of developing skin cancer doubles
  if they have gt 5 sunburns?

• Women with basal cell cancer TRIPLED from 1976
  2003?
• Women with squamous cell cancer QUADRUPLED from
  1976-2003?

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Negative Aspects

• Wrinkles
• Brown sunspots on your skin
• Aging
• Possible death
• Need for surgery or chemotherapy to remove cancer

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Why is it important to be informed?

• Melanoma, the most dangerous skin cancer, is
  almost always curable when it is detected early.
• It can be prevented by being sun wise
• Early detection is key!
• The sun is fun, but can become dangerous
• Children need help protecting themselves

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Barriers of Communication

• It wont happen to me attitude
• Tans are seen as attractive
• Can be a result of childhood burns
• People are in the sun often enjoying sports,
  beaches, parks, etc.
• Being protective is a nuisance to some
• Not being informed of the proper prevention
  techniques

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ALTERNATIVESPROTECT YOURSELF!

• Reduce sun exposure between 10am 4pm
• Seek (or create your own) shade
• Wear clothing that covers your body
• Use sunglasses and wide brimmed hats
• Apply sunscreen with SPF15 or higher
• Use these precautions on cloudy or overcast days
  as well.

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Did you know???

• Year-round sun protection is important
• The sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation can
  penetrate many types of clothes?
• It can also go through automobile and residential
  windows?
• It can damage your eyes, contributing to
  cataracts, macular degeneration, and eyelid
  cancers?
• When you're on snow or ice, your face and eyes
  are at almost twice the risk of UV damage because
  of reflected glare?
• The American Cancer Society estimates 8,790
  deaths from skin cancer in 2011

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Sun Exposure QuizAnswer True or False to the
following statements
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Answer Key
1. T 2. T 3. T 4. T 5. T
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Personal Skin Cancer Risk Assessment

• On a piece of paper, create the following chart
• For each risk factor, place a check or tally mark
  in the column for whom the risk factor is true!

Me Mom Dad

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Risk Factors

1. Light or fair skin
2. Blue, green, or hazel eye color
3. Blonde or red hair
4. Freckles when in the sun
5. Burns when in the sun
6. 40 or more moles
7. Known family or personal history of melanoma

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Risk Factors, cont.

1. Living in the sunbelt (YES for Arizona!)
2. Living in high altitudes
3. Two or more blistering sunburns
4. Exposure to UV radiation from tanning machines or
   medical treatment
5. Taking medications that increase the skins
   photosensitivity (some antibiotics and
   antihistimines)

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Learning goal

• The Student will be able to explain the POSITIVE
  and NEGATIVE impact the sun has on human health!
• 4 I Really know it
• 3 I know it
• 2 I know most of it
• 1 I know some of it
• 0 I was sleeping during the entire class period

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Reflection

• Knowing the skin cancer risks that affect you,
  what can you do to prevent overexposure to the
  sun?
• How can you educate your friends and family
  members about skin cancer and the risks they take?