Background to World War II

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Background to World War II
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How Did WWII Begin?

• WWII was really an outcropping of WWI
• Simply speaking, Germany was responsible for
  staring WWI (1914-1918) because it allied with
  the Austria-Hungary empire against Russia, France
  and Serbia. (A Serbian nationalist killed
  Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary in a plot
  to undermine that countrys power.)

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• When the war was over (1918), Germany was force
  to sign a treaty ending the war and forcing them
  to pay for the damages they caused.
• This was called the Treaty of Versailles

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The Treaty of Versailles Ended WWI
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Maps Pre and Post WWI
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Treaty of Versailles

• Territorial
• Land was taken away from Germany
• The League of Nations also took control of
  Germany's overseas colonies.
• Germany had to return to Russia land taken in the
  Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Some of this land was
  made into new states Estonia, Lithuania and
  Latvia. An enlarged Poland also received some of
  this land

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Treaty of Versailles

• Military
• Germanys army was reduced to 100,000 men the
  army was not allowed tanks
• Germany was not allowed an airforce
• Germany was allowed only 6 capital naval ships
  and no submarines
• The west of the Rhineland and 50 kms east of the
  River Rhine was made into a demilitarised zone
  (DMZ). No German soldier or weapon was allowed
  into this zone. The Allies were to keep an army
  of occupation on the west bank of the Rhine for
  15 years.

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Treaty of Versailles

• Financial
• The loss of vital industrial territory would be a
  severe blow to Germanys economy. Coal from the
  Saar and Upper Silesia in particular was a vital
  economic loss.
• Combined with the financial penalties linked to
  reparations(33 billion), it seemed clear to
  Germany that the Allies wanted nothing else but
  to bankrupt them.
• Germany was also forbidden to unite with Austria
  to form one superstate.

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Treaty of Versailles

• General
• 1. Germany had to admit full responsibility for
  starting the war. This was Clause 231 - the
  infamous "War Guilt Clause".
• 2. Therefore, they had to pay reparations, the
  bulk of which would go to France and Belgium to
  pay for the damage done to both countries by the
  war. The figure was eventually put at 33
  billion .
• 3. A League of Nations was set up to keep world
  peace. 

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League of Nations
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The Consequences of Versailles

• the Treaty kept Germany weak yet strong enough to
  stop the spread of communism kept the French
  border with Germany safe from another German
  attack and created the League of Nations that
  would end warfare throughout the world.
• left a mood of anger throughout Germany as it was
  felt that as a nation Germany had been unfairly
  treated. 
• Above all else, Germany hated the clause blaming
  them for the cause of the war and the war
  reparations the treaty forced on them.
• Many German citizens felt that they were being
  punished for the mistakes of the German
  government in August 1914 as it was the
  government that had declared war not the people.
• Hitler was eventual able to capitalize on these
  feeling and use propaganda to persuade the German
  people that they were entitled to a better way of
  life and entitled to more power.

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Ripe for the Picking

• Aldof Hitler, an unsuccessful aspiring art
  student full of self-hated and unfounded belief
  that the Jewish population had caused all of
  Germanys current problems, slowly rose to
  political power by taking advantage of Germanys
  willingness to believe in someone who promised to
  restore Germanys reputation and rebuild it to a
  glorious nation.

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Mein Kampf(My Struggle)

• From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
• Mein Kampf (English translation My Struggle or
  My Fight) is the signature work of Adolf Hitler,
  combining elements of autobiography with an
  exposition of Hitler's political ideology of
  Nazism. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in
  1925,
• In Mein Kampf, Hitler makes a biographical
  account of his life and also describes plans for
  German-allied countries to rule Europe, along a
  racist worldview of white supremacy with "Aryans"
  as the "master race" at the top and Jews at the
  bottom
• Germany would re-arm and join Britain and Italy
  as allies to defeat France and Eastern Europe,
  eventually overthrowing the Soviet Union to
  conquer the so-called "twin evils" of Communism
  and Judaism, giving Germany Lebensraum
  ("living-space") to the east.

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Mein Kampf

• In Mein Kampf, Hitler uses the main thesis of
  "The Jewish peril", which speaks of an alleged
  Jewish conspiracy to gain world leadership and
  also warns against the French. Overall, however,
  it does explain many details of Hitler's
  childhood and the process by which he became
  increasingly anti-Semitic and militaristic,
  especially during his years in Vienna, Austria.
• Hitler announces his hatred in Mein Kampf toward
  what he believed to be the twin evils of the
  world Communism and Judaism. The new territory
  that Germany needed to obtain would properly
  nurture the "historic destiny" of the German
  people this goal explains why Hitler invaded
  Europe, both East and West, before he launched
  his attack against Russia. He claimed Germany
  needed Lebensraum ("living space") eastwards
  (especially in Russia).

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• Hitler presented himself as the "Übermensch",
  frequently rendered as the somewhat ambiguous
  "Superman" or "Superhuman".
• Mein Kampf makes clear Hitler's racist worldview,
  dividing up humans based on ancestry. Hitler
  states that German "Aryans" are at the top of the
  hierarchy and that Jews and Gypsies are consigned
  to the bottom of the order.
• Hitler goes on to say that dominated peoples
  benefit by learning from the superior Aryans.
  Hitler further claimed that the Jews were
  conspiring to keep this "master race" from
  rightfully ruling the world by diluting its
  racial and cultural purity and by convincing the
  Aryans to believe in equality rather than
  superiority and inferiority.
• He described the struggle for world domination as
  an ongoing racial, cultural and political battle
  between Aryans and non-Aryans.

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German invasion of PolandSeptember 1, 1939

World War II Begins
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World War II and Holocaust BackgroundWorld War
II

•  
• When 1939-1945 Where Europe and the Pacific
•  
• Main Countries involved
•  
• The Axis Powers The AlliedPowers
•  
• 1.Germany 1. Britain
• (Hilter) (Churchill)
  
• 2. Italy 2. United States
• (Mussolini) (Roosevelt Truman)
• 3.Japan 3. Russia
• (Hirohito) (Stalin)

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Tripartite Pact is signedAxis Powers
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Axis Powers

• Main Powers Germany, Italy Japan
• Other Powers Albania, Bulgaria, Finland,
  Romania, Thailand, Hungary

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Axis Powers

• Adolf Hitler
• (Germany)

• Benito Mussolini
• (Italy)

• Emperor Hirohito
• (Japan)

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Allied Powers

• Main Powers Great Britain, Soviet Union, United
  States, China, France
• Latin America Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico,
  Paraguay, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica,
  Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Ecuador,
  Guatamala, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama,
  Peru, Venezueala
• Europe Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, Greece,
  Norway, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Poland, San
  Marino, Turkey, Yugoslavia
• Africa Egypt, Ethiopia, Liberia, South Africa
• Asia/Other China, India, Iran, Iraq, Mongolia,
  Saudi Arabia, Syria, New Zealand, Australia,
  Canada

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Allied Powers

• United States
• (F.D. Roosevelt and
• H.S. Truman)

• Britain (England)
• (Winston Churchill)

• Russia (former U.S.S.R)
• (Joseph Stalin)

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1. How Did WWII Begin?

• Germany, led by ____Adolf Hitler______, tried to
  conquer ______Europe_____. In __1939___,
  Germany attacked ___Poland___ to start World War
  II.
• Germany eventually attacked __France_____ and the
  _USSR (Russia)_. They also bombed ____Britain
  (England)__ and conquered several smaller
  countries in Europe. __Mussolini (Italy)____
  joined with Germany in trying to control all of
  ___Europe___.

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• A. _Hitler_ believed in an _Aryan myth_
  Along with his conquest for all of Europe, he
  envisioned a __master race_of people to inhabit
  the land. Hitler believed the __Germans___to be a
  __Superior_____ race thus, he devised the total
  ___annihilation_ of all the Jews.
• Between__1933-1945_, _one-third__ of the worlds
  Jewish population was killed in the
  __Holocaust___. (66 of the European Jewish
  population)
• (More information on the Holocaust will follow on
  subsequent pages.)

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Nazi Death Camps
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2. How Did the United States Get Involved in
WWII?

• Japan, led by ___Hirohito__, the Japanese
  military, tried to conquer Asia. They attacked
  ____China______ and__________. In the ________,
  they joined _____Hitler___ in fighting in World
  War II.
•  

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• A. Between __1939-1941___, Germany and Japan
  fought countries in Europe and Asia.
• The _United States_ remained ___neutral___.

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Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• B.On_December7,1941, __Japanese_____ attacked the
  ____United States___ at __Pearl Harbor___,
• This was the location of the United States
  Pacific Fleet (navy). The air raid killed
  2,000American sailors and civilians. Most of the
  American airplanes and many of its ships were
  destroyed.

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December 7th, a day that will live in infamy

• C. This _unprovoked__ attack on Pearl Harbor
  brought the United States into _World War II_____
  against _Japan in the Pacific_____
• and _Germany in Europe____. The U.S. allied
  itself with __Britain (England)__
• and _Russia______.

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Pearl Harbor 4 views
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More Pearl Harbor
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Roosevelt Addresses congress
The U.S. declares war on Japan.
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3. How did World War II end?

• A. The __Allied Forces______ eventually gained
  power in Europe. Germany surrendered in _May,
  1945_.
• The U.S. and its allies took over Germany,
  splitting the country in two (East and West
  Germany). ____Hitler___ committed suicide in
  _Berlin on April 30, 1945_______.
•  

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The End of the War

• B. __Japan___ continued to fight the United
  States in the Pacific.

The U.S., to bring a faster end to the war with
Japan, dropped two _atomic bombs__ on _Hiroshima
Nagasaki______ in __August, 1945__.

• Japan surrendered__ on ___September 2, 1945__.

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• It is estimated that 22 million military
  personnel and civilians lost their lives.

• In September, 1945, World War II, the most
  destructive and deadly war in the history of the
  world, was finally over.

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The End
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Benito Mussolini
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Mussolini and Hitler
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Adolf Hitler
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Heil Hitler
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2 Pics of Hitler
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Mein Kampf
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Vladimir Lenin-USSR
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Iosif Jughashvili/Joseph Stalin
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Franklin Roosevelt vs Herbert Hoover
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Winston Churchill
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Churchill
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Winston Churchill
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Map of Concentration and Death Camps
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Nazi Death Camps
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German Invasion of USSR

• Final Plan for Operation Barbarossa

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Japanese Leaders

• Hideki Tojo

• Emperor Hirohito

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Admiral Yamamoto
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Yamamoto
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Pearl Harbor-December 7, 1941
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Pearl Harbor
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Explosion at Pearl Harbor
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December 8, 1941
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